Enzymes

Question 1

Why are enzymes useful?

Answer 1

As lots of reactions occur constantly within an organism and so enzymes are a way of speeding up the useful reactions without speeding up the unwanted reactions

Question 2

How many reactions do enzymes usually catalyse?

Answer 2

One- they are designed to fit a special shape

Question 3

Name two factors that effect how an enzyme works

Answer 3

Temperature- too high and the enzymes denature

pH- too high or low can interfere with the bonds holding the enzyme together

Question 4

When do most enzymes denature? (Temp)

Answer 4

45 degrees Celsius

Question 5

What is respiration?

Answer 5

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell

Question 6

Name two things that enzymes help build

Answer 6

Amino acids and proteins

Question 7

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

Glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water+ENERGY

Question 8

Name four things that the energy from respiration is used for

Answer 8

1) to build up larger molecules from smaller ones (like proteins from amino acids)
2) in animals to allow the muscles to contract
3) in mammals and birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature steady
4) in plants to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are then built up into proteins

Question 9

What enzyme converts starch into simple sugars?

Answer 9

Amylase

Question 10

What enzyme converts protein into amino acids?

Answer 10

Protease

Question 11

What enzyme converts fata into glycerol and fatty acids?

Answer 11

Lipase

Question 12

Name three places where amylase is made

Answer 12

1) the salivary glands
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

Question 13

Name three places where protease is made

Answer 13

1) the stomach
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

Question 14

Name two places where lipase is made

Answer 14

1) the pancreas

2) the small intestine

Question 15

What is bile’s purpose?

Answer 15

To neutralise the stomach acid so that enzymes can work properly in the small intestine and to emulsify fats

Question 16

Describe three things about bio detergents and how they work

Answer 16

1) used in “bio” detergents
2) mainly protease and lipase enzymes
3) the enzymes attack animal and plant matter e.g. Food, blood so they’re ideal for removing stains

Question 17

Describe three things about how enzymes change food

Answer 17

1) proteins in baby food “pre digested” so the baby can digest it
2) carbohydrases can turn starch syrup into sugar syrup
3) isomerase enzyme can turn glucose syrup into fructose syrup, fructose is sweeter and ideal for slimming products as you use less of it

Question 18

Name four advantages of using enzymes in industry

Answer 18

• they’re specific so only catalyse the reaction they need to
• lower cost as lower temperature used, saves energy
• enzymes are cost effective, you can reuse them
• they are biodegradable and so cause less pollution

Question 19

Name three disadvantages of using enzymes in industry

Answer 19

• some people are allergic
• conditions must be tightly controlled or they will denature
• contamination of the enzyme with other substances can affect reaction

Question 20

What are enzymes?

Answer 20

Enzymes are catalyst produced by living things