DNA Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
Long molecules of DNA
What is a gene?
A section of DNA
What do genes do?
Tell the cells what order to put the amino acids together
What type of cells do mitosis make?
Makes new cells for growth and repair
Describe the process of mitosis
1) if the cell gets the signal to divide, the DNA is copied and forms X shaped chromosomes so that each arm is an exact copy of each other
2) the chromosomes line up at the centre and the cell fibres pull them apart
3) membranes form around the new sets of chromosomes and they become the nuclei of the two new cells
4) the cytoplasm divides
What does asexual reproduction use
Mitosis
What type of cells to meiosis make?
Sex cells (gametes)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Describe the process of meiosis
1) same as mitosis, duplicates its DNA
2) the cells divide, splitting up some of the male chromosomes so that there are female and male chromosomes in each cell
3) the cells line up to divide again, like mitosis and the arms of the chromosomes are pulled apart
4) you get four gametes with only a single set of chromosomes in it
What are stem cells?
A cell before it becomes specialised
Give two reasons why some people are against stem cell research
1) the embryo cannot choose
2) each embryo is a potential life
Give two reasons for stem cell research
1) they embryos are usually unwanted from fertility clinics
2) it is important to help patients who already exist and are suffering
