Cells

Question 1

Name the parts of an animal cell and their functions

Answer 1

Nucleus- contains genetic material and controls the cell
Cytoplasm- gel like substance where most chemical reactions occur, contains enzymes
Cell membrane- holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria- the powerhouse of the cell, respiration reactions occur here
Ribosomes- proteins made here

Question 2

How are palisade leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

1) packed with chloroplasts
2) thin shape means lots can be packed together
3) tall shape means surface areas exposed for absorption of carbon dioxide

Question 3

How are guard cells adapted to open and close?

Answer 3

1) special kidney shape
2) when lots of water, goes turgid (open) allowing gas exchange
3) when little water, goes flaccid (close) so that water isn’t lost through gas exchange
4) sensitive to light so closes in evening

Question 4

How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?

Answer 4

1) concave shape means large surface area for oxygen
2) no nucleus so more room for oxygen
3) contains haemoglobin to absorb oxygen

Question 5

How are the sperm and egg cells adapted for reproduction?

Answer 5

Egg
1) large food store for embryo
2) when sperm joins, egg membrane changes so no other sperm can join
Sperm
1) streamlined shape for swimming
2) mitochondria in tail to provide energy for swimming
3) enzymes in head to digest egg cell membranes

Question 6

Name the parts in a plant cell and their functions

Answer 6

Nucleus- contains genetic material and controls the cell
Cytoplasm- gel like substance where most chemical reactions occur, contains enzymes
Cell membrane- holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria- the powerhouse of the cell, respiration reactions occur here
Ribosomes- proteins made here
Cell wall- made of cellulose, supports cell and strengthens it
Vacuole- contains cell sap (weak solution of sugars+salts)
Chloroplasts- where photosynthesis occurs, contains chlorophyll