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Biology Unit 5 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Protease

a) is produced…
b) substrate is…
c) works in the…
d) product is…

A

a) Produced by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine.
b) Its substrate is Protein.
c) It works in the stomach and small intestine.
d) The product is amino acids.

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2
Q

Lipase

a) produced in…
b) substrate is…
c) works in…
d) products are…

A
  • Produced by the pancreas and small intestine.
  • Its substrate are Lipids.
  • It works in the small intestine
  • Its products are fatty acids and glycerol.
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3
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Long chains of amino acids

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4
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological Catalysts

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5
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Speed up reactions.

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6
Q

Carbohydrase( Amylase)

a) produced in…
b) substrate is…
c) works in…
d) product is…

A
  • Produced by the Salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine.
  • Its substrate is Carbohydrate.
  • It works in the mouth and small intestine.
  • The products are glucose
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7
Q

Enzymes have an area where other molecules fit called…

A

The ‘active site’

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8
Q

What is held in the ‘active site’?

A

The substrate

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9
Q

Enzymes can:

A
  • Build large molecules from smaller ones
  • Change one molecule into another.
  • Break down large molecules into smaller ones.
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10
Q

What is enzyme activity affected by?

A
  • Temperature

* pH

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11
Q

At higher temperatures, reactions take place…

A

Faster

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12
Q

What happens when the temperature gets too hot?

A

The enzyme denatures.

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13
Q

What happens if the pH is too acidic or alkaline for the enzyme?

A

The enzyme becomes denatured.

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14
Q

What pH do enzymes work best in?

A

2-3pH

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15
Q

What chemical does the stomach produce to create acidic conditions?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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16
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

It’s produced in the liver and stored in the hall bladder.

17
Q

How does bile help the process of digestion?

A
  • It neutralises the stomach acid.

* It makes the conditions in the small intestine slightly alkaline.

18
Q

What conditions do amylase and lipase work best in?

A

Slightly alkaline conditions

19
Q

What are the roles of proteins?

A
  • Structural components e.g muscles
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies
  • Enzymes
20
Q

What is meant by the term ‘catalysts’?

A

Speed up reactions

21
Q

Define the term ‘biological catalyst’.

A

Speed up reactions in the body

22
Q

Name three types of reaction that enzymes are involved in.

A
  • Building large molecules from small ones.
  • Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones.
  • Changing one molecule into another.
23
Q

What is special about the active site of the enzyme?

A

It is a specific shape for the substrate.

24
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The molecule the enzyme acts on.

25
Q

Describe the lock and key hypothesis.

A

The substrate fits into a particular enzyme creating a enzyme-substrate complex and the products of this. The enzyme remains unchanged.

26
Q

Name two factors that can affect the rate of an enzyme reaction.

A
  • PH

* Temperature

27
Q

Describe and explain how temp affects enzyme action.

A

1) As temp increases so does rate of reaction
2) Optimum temp: Temp at which rate is fastest
3) High temp: Enzyme denatures, shape of active site is left and substrate no longer fits.

28
Q

What happens to the active site when an enzyme is denatured?

A

The active site is left and the substrate no longer fits into the enzyme.

29
Q

Describe and explain how Ph can affect the rate of an enzyme reaction.

A

When the enzyme is not working at its optimum PH the rate of the recruit is much slower. The enzyme is denatured.

30
Q

What does the term optimum mean in terms of temp/PH?

A

PH/temp at which the reaction is fastest.

31
Q

What are some uses of enzymes in everyday life?

A
  • Biological detergents: break down proteins and fats in stains.(cleaner wash and better than non-bio at low temps)
  • Protease) Baby foods: Predigest some of the protein in the food(easier for baby to digest+get amino acids needed)
  • Carbohydrase) Food production: Convert starch into sugar(cheap source of sweetness).
  • Isomerase) Slimming foods: Changes glucose into fructose(smaller amounts needed to make food taste sweet).
32
Q

Advantages of using enzymes.

A
  • Catalyse reactions at low temps and normal pressures
  • Cheap to use enzyme based processes
  • Pure enzymes use substrate more efficiently
33
Q

Disadvantages of using enzymes.

A
  • Expensive to produce
  • Requires a lot of energy for some processes
  • Temps must be kept low
  • PH must be controlled

Biology Unit 5 (3 decks)

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