Cells, Organs And Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of particular cells working together to perform a certain function.

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function.

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3
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function.

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4
Q

What features does an animal cell have?

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What features does a plant cell have?

A
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
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6
Q

What features does a bacterial cell have?

A

Cell membrane
Plasmids
Cell wall
Cytoplasm

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7
Q

What features does a yeast cell have?

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cell wall
Cytoplasm

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8
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

It controls the activities of the cell

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9
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

It is a liquid gel where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place

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10
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

It controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Substances in cytoplasm where oxygen is used and most of the energy during respiration is released

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12
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Where protein synthesis takes place

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13
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

Made of cellulose which strengthens and supports the cell

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14
Q

What is the function of chloroplast?

A

Contains chlorophyll

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15
Q

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

A

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap

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16
Q

What is the function of plasmids?

A

Free DNA strands

17
Q

Name four specialised cells.

A

Fat cell
Muscle cell
Goblet cell
Root hair cell

18
Q

Describe a fat cell

A

It has a small amount of cytoplasm and a large amount of fat. It has a small number of mitochondria so needs little energy. It can expand in order to fill up with fat.

19
Q

Describe a muscle cell

A

It has filaments which allow the cell to contract and the body to move. It has many mitochondria which release energy for contractions

20
Q

Describe a goblet cell

A

The shape increases surface area for mucus secretion. It contains vesicles for holding mucus.

21
Q

Describe a root hair cell

A

Root hairs increase surface area for water to move into cell. The permanent vacuole spreads up movement of water.

22
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Yeast breaks down glucose to produce energy in plentiful oxygen

23
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Fermentation. Yeast breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen

24
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of cells from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

25
Q

What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?

A

Temperature
Surface area
Concentration

26
Q

What is the function of a glandular tissue?

A

Secretes substances

27
Q

What is the function of a epidermal tissue?

A

Cover and protect surfaces

28
Q

What is the function of a muscular tissue?

A

To contract to bring about movement

29
Q

What is the function of a epithelial tissue?

A

Covers body and internal organs

30
Q

What is the function of a mesophyll tissue?

A

Carry chloroplasts and photosynthesis

31
Q

What are the purposes of the xylem and phloem tissues?

A

Transport tissues

Carry water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the leaves and dissolved food from the leaves around the plant.

32
Q

In the stomach, what does a muscular tissue do?

A

Churns food and digestive juices together

33
Q

In the stomach, what does the glandular tissue do?

A

Produce digestive juices that break down food

34
Q

In the stomach, what does a epithelial tissue do?

A

Covers inside and outside of the organ

35
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process by which large insoluble molecules are turned into small soluble molecules in order to be absorbed by the stomach.

36
Q

Explain the process of digestion.

A

1) Mouth(via salivary glands and chewing)
2) Food swallowed, passes down oesophagus and into stomach.
3) Some digested in stomach
4) The rest digested in small intestine
5) Bile(liver) and digestive juices(pancreas) help to digest the food in the small intestine.
6) The undigested food passes into the large intestine.
7) Feaces produced are released by the anus.

37
Q

What is a cell?

A

Basic unit of living organisms.