Cells, Organs And Tissues Flashcards
What is a tissue?
Group of particular cells working together to perform a certain function.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function.
What features does an animal cell have?
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
What features does a plant cell have?
Cell membrane Nucleus Chloroplasts Cytoplasm Cell wall
What features does a bacterial cell have?
Cell membrane
Plasmids
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
What features does a yeast cell have?
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
What is the function of a nucleus?
It controls the activities of the cell
What is the function of cytoplasm?
It is a liquid gel where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
What is the function of a cell membrane?
It controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of mitochondria?
Substances in cytoplasm where oxygen is used and most of the energy during respiration is released
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place
What is the function of a cell wall?
Made of cellulose which strengthens and supports the cell
What is the function of chloroplast?
Contains chlorophyll
What is the function of a permanent vacuole?
A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap
What is the function of plasmids?
Free DNA strands
Name four specialised cells.
Fat cell
Muscle cell
Goblet cell
Root hair cell
Describe a fat cell
It has a small amount of cytoplasm and a large amount of fat. It has a small number of mitochondria so needs little energy. It can expand in order to fill up with fat.
Describe a muscle cell
It has filaments which allow the cell to contract and the body to move. It has many mitochondria which release energy for contractions
Describe a goblet cell
The shape increases surface area for mucus secretion. It contains vesicles for holding mucus.
Describe a root hair cell
Root hairs increase surface area for water to move into cell. The permanent vacuole spreads up movement of water.
What is aerobic respiration?
Yeast breaks down glucose to produce energy in plentiful oxygen
What is anaerobic respiration?
Fermentation. Yeast breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen
What is diffusion?
The net movement of cells from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?
Temperature
Surface area
Concentration
What is the function of a glandular tissue?
Secretes substances
What is the function of a epidermal tissue?
Cover and protect surfaces
What is the function of a muscular tissue?
To contract to bring about movement
What is the function of a epithelial tissue?
Covers body and internal organs
What is the function of a mesophyll tissue?
Carry chloroplasts and photosynthesis
What are the purposes of the xylem and phloem tissues?
Transport tissues
Carry water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the leaves and dissolved food from the leaves around the plant.
In the stomach, what does a muscular tissue do?
Churns food and digestive juices together
In the stomach, what does the glandular tissue do?
Produce digestive juices that break down food
In the stomach, what does a epithelial tissue do?
Covers inside and outside of the organ
What is digestion?
The process by which large insoluble molecules are turned into small soluble molecules in order to be absorbed by the stomach.
Explain the process of digestion.
1) Mouth(via salivary glands and chewing)
2) Food swallowed, passes down oesophagus and into stomach.
3) Some digested in stomach
4) The rest digested in small intestine
5) Bile(liver) and digestive juices(pancreas) help to digest the food in the small intestine.
6) The undigested food passes into the large intestine.
7) Feaces produced are released by the anus.
What is a cell?
Basic unit of living organisms.
