Enzymes. Flashcards
Why are enzymes used in digestion?
Enzymes are used in digestion to break down Kate molecules of food into smaller molecules. Enzymes are also found in our saliva, (in chemical digestion) so when we chew, the enzyme called ‘amalyse’ breaks down the molecules of food.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are a type of catalyst which speed up reactions with being used up.
What is the use of ‘carbohydrases’
These enzymes are in our mouth and stomach. It turns starch into sugars.
What is the use of ‘proteases’
These are used to break down molecules of protein into amino acids. They are found in our stomachs and small intestines.
What are the use of ‘lipases’ in digestion?
These break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. It takes place in the small intestines and is helped by bile. The bile breaks lipids into small droplets that are easier for the enzymes to act on.
How do enzymes work?
The common way in which enzymes work is the “lock and key” model. The substrate molecule fits into a specific active site on the enzyme molecule. Once they fit, the substrate molecule interacts with the enzyme and forms weak bonds. Creating a temporary enzyme substrate complex. Once the reaction has finished, the products are released and the enzyme has not been used up.
What are the effects of temperature in enzymes?
The temperature for enzymes are very important. If the temperature is too low, the enzyme does not work well. Of the temperature is too high, the shape of the active site is changed and cant be used. The enzyme is said to be denatured when this happens.
What are some uses of enzymes in industry?
- baby food: used to help speed up the digestion in babies as their digestive system has not been fully developed.
- removing stains: used in washing powders to help get rid of stains.
- extracting juice: this breaks the cell wall, extracting more juice.
Why is bacteria important in digestion?
Bacteria is important in digestion as it feeds on the fibre in our diet and make important vitamins such as vitamin K.
What at enzymes made of?
Enzymes are made of protein and are sensitive to heat and pH.
