Enzymes Flashcards
What is meant by the term denatured
The protein/enzyme changes shape and will stop working
Which enzyme digests starch
Amylase
Where is bile produced
In the liver
Which enzyme is used to convert glucose into fructose
Isomerase
How do enzymes get into rivers
Water from dishwashers and washing machines passes into the sewage system and may eventually reach the rivers
What is an enzyme
Enzymes are proteins which act as biological catalysts
Why is an enzyme a biological catalyst
Because they are made in cells and they speed up reactions
Name some different forms of proteins
Muscle
Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts
Name some functions of proteins
Change one molecule into another
Break down large molecules into smaller ones
Build large molecules from many smaller ones
What is the shape of the enzyme vital for and what is it called
Its function this she has an area where all the molecules can fit this is called the active site
What is the substrate in a reaction
The material or chemical on which an enzyme acts
How does the temperature affect the rate of reaction and how
Reactions take place faster when it is warmer because The molecules move around more quickly so collide with each other more often and with more energy
What happens if the enzyme gets too hot
It denatures and stops working
What happens if the Ph is too acidic or alkaline for the enzyme
The active site could change shape resulting in the enzyme becoming denatured
Where is amylase used and where is it produced
Amylase is used in the mouth and small intestine to catalyse the digestions of starch into sugars. It is produced by the salivary glands the pancreas and the small intestine
What is protease used for and where is it produced
Protease is produced by the stomach pancreas and the small intestine. Protease catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acid in the stomach and small intestine
What is lipase used for and where is it produced
Lipase is produced by the pancreas and small intestine. Lipase catalyses the breakdown of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol
What conditions do protease enzymes work best in
Acidic. E.g the stomach
what conditions do amylase and lipase work best in
Slightly alkaline, E.g. in the small intestine
Where is bile stored once it is produced
In the gallbladder
What is the function of bile
It neutralises the stomach acid so the conditions in the small intestine are slightly alkaline
Give examples of how enzymes can be used in the home and industry
To create soft centred chocolates
To create biological detergents
To Pre-digest baby food
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using enzymes in industry
AdVantage- less energy or expensive equipment is needed because the reactions can take place at normal temperature and pressure.
Disadvantage – costly to produce denatured at higher temperatures
What are proteases used for in baby food
To predigest The proteins for the baby making them easier for the baby to get its nutrients
