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Biology B2 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction

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2
Q

What are enzymes made from?

A

Proteins

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3
Q

How can enzymes catalyse reactions?

A

They have special shapes that fits onto the substance and usually an enzyme only catalyses one reaction

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4
Q

What do enzymes need?

A

The right temperature and PH level

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5
Q

What do digestive molecules do?

A

Break down big molecules into smaller ones

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6
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Converts starch into maltose (sugars)

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7
Q

Where is amylase made?

A

Salivary gland, pancreas and the small intestines

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8
Q

What does protease do?

A

Converts proteins into amino acids

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9
Q

Where is protease made?

A

Stomach (where it’s called pepsin), pancreas and the small intestine

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10
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Coverts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

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11
Q

Where is lipase made?

A

Pancreas and the small intestine

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12
Q

What does bile do?

A

Neutralises the stomach acid and emulsified fats

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13
Q

Where is bile made and stored?

A

It’s made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder

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14
Q

What is the acid in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

What are the 9 things involved in the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands, gullet, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and the rectum

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16
Q

What does the stomach do in the digestive system?

A

Pummels food with its muscular walls, produces protease and Hydrochloric acid (kill bacteria and to give the right PH level)

17
Q

What does the pancreas do in the digestive system?

A

Produces protease, amylase and lipase

18
Q

What does the small intestine do in the digestive system?

A

Produces protease, amylase and lipase and absorbs digested food into the blood

19
Q

What does the salivary glands do in the digestive system?

A

Produces amylase in the saliva

20
Q

What does the liver do in the digestive system?

A

Bile is produces to neutralise stomach acid and emulsifies fats

21
Q

What does the bile do in the digestive system?

A

Stores bile

22
Q

What does the large intestine do in the digestive system?

A

Absorbs excess water from the food

23
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell

24
Q

What is the most efficient way to release energy from glucose?

A

Aerobic respiration

25
Q

What is aerobic respiration and where does it happen?

A

Respiration using oxygen in the mitochondria

26
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy

27
Q

What four things does aerobic respiration release energy for?

A

To build up larger molecules from smaller ones, to allow muscles to contract, to keep body temperatures steady and to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids

28
Q

What does an increase in muscle activity require and what happens as a consequence?

A

More glucose and oxygen to be supplied to the muscle cells which means the blood has to flow quicker

29
Q

What is used during vigorous exercise?

A

Glycogen

30
Q

If there’s no oxygen, what happens?

A

Anaerobic respiration is used

31
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose > energy + lactic acid

32
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration not as efficient as aerobic respiration?

A

Not as much energy is released

33
Q

What does anaerobic respiration lead to?

A

Oxygen debt

34
Q

What two enzymes are used in biological detergents?

A

Protease and lipase

35
Q

What enzyme is used in baby foods to make them ‘pre digested’

A

Protease

36
Q

What enzyme makes fructose syrup?

A

Isomerise

37
Q

What are the advantages of enzymes in industry?

A

The specific, lower cost, long lasting and biodegradable

38
Q

What are the disadvantage of enzyme in industry?

A

People can have allergies, can be denatured and can be expensive to produce

Biology B2 (7 decks)

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