Cells Flashcards
Plant cells have all the things that human cells have, but what extra parts do they have?
Rigid cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts
What do human and animal cells contain?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
What does a nucleus do?
Contains genetic material to control what happens in the cell
What does a cytoplasm do?
This where most of the chemical reactions happen, it contains enzyme a which control the chemical reactions
What does a cell membrane do?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell
What does a mitochondria do?
Most of the reactions for respiration take place here which release energy for the cell to work
What does a ribosome do?
Makes proteins
What does a cell wall do?
It supports the cell and strengths it
What does a permanent vacuole do?
Contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salt
What does a chloroplast do?
Photosynthesis occurs here
What is yeast?
A microorganism which is a single called organism
What does a yeast cell have?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall
What is bacteria?
A microorganism which is a single celled organism
What does a bacteria cell have?
Cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall
What are the 5 specialised cells?
Palisade leaf cells, guard cells, red blood cells, sperm cells and egg cells
What do specialised cells do?
Carry out a particular function
What are palisade leaf cells adapted for and how?
Photosynthesis - packed with chloroplasts at the top of the cell, talk shake means a large surface area and a thin shake means there are a lot of them at the top of the leaf
What are guard cells adapted for and how?
Open and close pores - kidney shape which opens and closes the stomata, when the plant has lots of water they fill up and go turgid which makes the stomata open and gases are exchanged and they’re sensitive to lights and close at night
What are red blood cells adapted for and how?
Carry oxygen - concave shape for a big surface area to absorb oxygen, packed with haemoglobin and they have no nucleus so there’s more room for haemoglobin
What are sperm cells adapted for and how?
To get the make DNA to the female DNA - long tail, streamlined head to help it swim with a lot of mitochondria so it has enough energy to swim and they carry enzymes to digest the egg cell membrane
What are egg cells adapted for and how?
To carry female DNA and to nourish the embryo - it had huge food reserves to feed the embryo and the membrane changes when it fuses with sperm to stop anymore getting in
What do specialised cells form, in order from smallest to biggest?
Cell, tissue, organ and an organ system
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
What is the function of an epithelial tissue?
It covers some parts of the body for example, the inside of the gut
