Enzymes Flashcards
What do high temperatures do to the shape of an enzyme?
Change the shape
What is the shape of an enzyme vital for?
The enzymes function
What to different enzymes work best at?
Different pH values
Where do some enzymes work?
Outside the body cells
What are the digestive enzymes produced by?
Specialised cells in glands and the lining of the gut.
What happens to the enzymes when they pass out of the cells into the gut?
They come into contact with food molecules
What do the enzymes do to the larger molecules?
They catalyse the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules
What does catalyse mean?
Accelerates the reaction
Where is the enzyme amylase produced?
The salivary glands
The pancreas
The small intestine
What does the enzyme amylase do and where does it do it?
Catalyses the breakdown of Starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
What are protease enzymes produced by?
The stomach
The pancreas
The small intestine
What does the enzyme protease do and where does it do it?
Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine
Where are lipase enzymes produced?
The pancreas
The small intestine
What do lipase enzymes do and where does it do it?
Catalyse the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine
What does the stomach produce?
Hydrochloric acid
The enzymes In the stomach work best in what conditions?
The acid conditions
Where is the bile stored?
The gall bladder before being released into the small intestine
What does bile do?
Neutralises the acid that was added to the food in the stomach
Why is it good that bile neutralises the acid?
It provides alkaline conditions in which enzymes in the small intestine work most effectively
What do some micro-organisms produce?
Enzymes that pass out of the cells
These have many uses in the home and industry
How are enzymes used in the home?
- biological detergents may contain proteases and lipases
- biological detergents are more effective at low temperatures than other detergents
How are enzymes used in industry?
- Proteases are used to ‘pre digest’ the protein in some baby foods
- Carbohydrases are used to convert starch into sugar syrup
- Isomerase is used to convert glucose into fructose, which is much sweeter and is used in smaller quantities in slimming foods
Name an advantage of using enzymes in industry?
Used to bring about reactions at normal temperatures and pressure that would usually be expensive and energy demanding
Name a disadvantage of using enzymes in industry?
Most enzymes are denatured at high temperatures and are costly to produce
