Enzymes

Question 0

What do high temperatures do to the shape of an enzyme?

Answer 0

Change the shape

Question 1

What is the shape of an enzyme vital for?

Answer 1

The enzymes function

Question 2

What to different enzymes work best at?

Answer 2

Different pH values

Question 3

Where do some enzymes work?

Answer 3

Outside the body cells

Question 4

What are the digestive enzymes produced by?

Answer 4

Specialised cells in glands and the lining of the gut.

Question 5

What happens to the enzymes when they pass out of the cells into the gut?

Answer 5

They come into contact with food molecules

Question 6

What do the enzymes do to the larger molecules?

Answer 6

They catalyse the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 7

What does catalyse mean?

Answer 7

Accelerates the reaction

Question 8

Where is the enzyme amylase produced?

Answer 8

The salivary glands
The pancreas
The small intestine

Question 9

What does the enzyme amylase do and where does it do it?

Answer 9

Catalyses the breakdown of Starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine

Question 10

What are protease enzymes produced by?

Answer 10

The stomach
The pancreas
The small intestine

Question 11

What does the enzyme protease do and where does it do it?

Answer 11

Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine

Question 12

Where are lipase enzymes produced?

Answer 12

The pancreas

The small intestine

Question 13

What do lipase enzymes do and where does it do it?

Answer 13

Catalyse the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine

Question 14

What does the stomach produce?

Answer 14

Hydrochloric acid

Question 15

The enzymes In the stomach work best in what conditions?

Answer 15

The acid conditions

Question 16

Where is the bile stored?

Answer 16

The gall bladder before being released into the small intestine

Question 17

What does bile do?

Answer 17

Neutralises the acid that was added to the food in the stomach

Question 18

Why is it good that bile neutralises the acid?

Answer 18

It provides alkaline conditions in which enzymes in the small intestine work most effectively

Question 19

What do some micro-organisms produce?

Answer 19

Enzymes that pass out of the cells

These have many uses in the home and industry

Question 20

How are enzymes used in the home?

Answer 20

• biological detergents may contain proteases and lipases

- biological detergents are more effective at low temperatures than other detergents

Question 21

How are enzymes used in industry?

Answer 21

• Proteases are used to ‘pre digest’ the protein in some baby foods
• Carbohydrases are used to convert starch into sugar syrup
• Isomerase is used to convert glucose into fructose, which is much sweeter and is used in smaller quantities in slimming foods

Question 22

Name an advantage of using enzymes in industry?

Answer 22

Used to bring about reactions at normal temperatures and pressure that would usually be expensive and energy demanding

Question 23

Name a disadvantage of using enzymes in industry?

Answer 23

Most enzymes are denatured at high temperatures and are costly to produce