Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes
Proteins, made from amino acids
Biological catalysts
What are biological catalysts
Speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms but aren’t used up in the process
What is an enzyme substrate complex
When the substrate is in the active site
Why is a substrate specific to the enzyme
Its shape is complimentary to the active site shape
What are proteins made out of
Amino acids
What are carbohydrates made out of
Simple sugars
What are lipids made out of
3 fatty acids and a glycerol
What is the enzyme for proteins
Protease
What is the enzyme for carbohydrates
Carbohydrase
Carbohydrates
What is the enzyme for lipids
Lipase
What is the lock and key theory
Only one substrate fits only an enzymes active site
What is denaturing
When the active site changes shape so that the substrate cannot bind to the enzyme and catalyse the reaction
Permanent
What are two conditions that may change the shape of an enzyme
Temperature
Ph level
Describe how temperature changes the rate of reaction for an enzyme
Initially as the temp increases the rate of reaction also increases until the optimum temp
After the enzyme starts to denature changing the shape of the active site
Explain how the substrate concentration changes the rate of reaction of an enzyme
Higher the substrate concentration the faster the reaction.this is only true to a point, after that point all the enzymes have their active sites full, so adding more makes no difference
How does the pH affect enzymes rate of reaction
If the ph is too high or too low the enzyme will denature
What is the test for proteins
Biuret test
What is the test for lipids
Emulsion test
What is the test for starch
Iodine test
What is the test for simple carbs
Benedict’s test
Testing for starch
Add few drops of iodine to food sample
If colour change from orange/brown to blue/black positive test for starch
