Enzymes

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

The ability to cause matter to move or change

All life processes are driven by energy

Question 2

Where does all energy come from?

Answer 2

The sun

Question 3

What can energy do in chemical reactions?

Answer 3

Be stored or released

Question 4

Define a chemical reaction.

Answer 4

When bonds are broken to make different substances

Question 5

In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O, what are the reactants?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 and 6O2

Question 6

In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O, what are the products?

Answer 6

6CO2 and 6H2O

Question 7

What is metabolism?

Answer 7

The sum of all chemical reactions in your body

Question 8

What are the two main processes involved in metabolism?

Answer 8

• Breaking down foods for energy
• Building new compounds

Question 9

How is energy stored in cells?

Answer 9

In ATP

Question 10

What is activation energy?

Answer 10

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 11

What effect does lowering activation energy have on a chemical reaction?

Answer 11

It will speed up the reaction

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Free energy is the energy available to do _______.

Answer 12

[work]

Question 13

What are reactants?

Answer 13

Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction

Question 14

What are catalysts?

Answer 14

Substances that lower activation energy.

Question 15

Can catalysts be inorganic?

Answer 15

Yes, catalysts can be inorganic or organic.

Question 16

What are organic catalysts called?

Answer 16

Enzymes.

Question 17

What is the definition of enzymes?

Answer 17

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the energy needed for the reactions to occur.

Question 18

How do enzymes help organisms maintain homeostasis?

Answer 18

Enzymes maintain homeostasis by speeding up reactions that control metabolism, balance pH and temperature, and remove waste.

Question 19

How do enzymes work?

Answer 19

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the energy needed, helping the body work efficiently.

Question 20

What do specific enzymes work with?

Answer 20

Specific substrates.

Question 21

What is the first step in enzyme action?

Answer 21

The substrate (the reactant) attaches to the enzyme’s active site.

Question 22

What happens in the second step of enzyme action?

Answer 22

The enzyme reduces the activation energy of the reaction.

Question 23

What happens to the enzyme after the reaction?

Answer 23

The enzyme is not changed by the reaction.

Question 24

What is an example of a substrate and enzyme?

Answer 24

Substrate: sucrose
Enzyme: sucrase.

Question 25

What are the products of the reaction involving sucrase?

Answer 25

Glucose and Fructose.

Question 26

What can make an enzyme not work?

Answer 26

Denaturation

Question 27

What is denaturation?

Answer 27

When a protein is destroyed, typically due to heat or pH change.

Question 28

What are the components of an enzymatic reaction?

Answer 28

A: active site, B: substrate, C: enzyme, D: enzyme-substrate complex, E: product

Question 29

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

Answer 29

Temperature and concentration.

Question 30

How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

Answer 30

All enzymes have an optimal temperature; high temperatures can denature enzymes.

Question 31

How does concentration affect enzyme activity?

Answer 31

The more enzymes you have, the faster the reaction.

Question 32

What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme in the provided graph?

Answer 32

40 degrees Celsius.

Question 33

What is the optimal pH for the enzyme in the provided graph?

Answer 33

14.