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biochem-lat > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes may recognize and catalyze:

A

⊚ A single substrate
⊚ A group of similar substrates
⊚ A particular type of bond

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2
Q

Acted upon by the enzyme and specific

A

Substrate

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3
Q

Acted upon by the enzyme and specific but different form with the same action

A

Isoenzyme

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4
Q

Non-protein molecule of a conjugated enzyme

A

Cofactor

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5
Q

Activator/Metal ions

A

Inorganic cofactor

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6
Q

Organic cofactor

A

Coenzyme

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7
Q

Polypeptide portion of a conjugated enzyme and inactive enzyme

A

Apoenzyme

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8
Q

Apoenzyme + Cofactor

A

Holoenzyme

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9
Q

⊚ Also known as zymogen
⊚ Inactive form or precursor of enzyme
⊚ It is then converted, usually by proteolysis,
to the active form when it has reached the site of its activity

A

Proenyzme

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10
Q

Enzyme Commission Nomenclature (E.C.)

A

⊚ 1st digit – class
⊚ 2nd digit – subclass
⊚ 3rd and 4th digit – serial number

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11
Q

Oxidation and reduction

A

Oxidoreductases

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12
Q

Transfer of functional groups other than
hydrogen from one substrate to another

A

Transferases

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13
Q

transfer of amino group

A

Transaminases

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14
Q

transfer of phosphate group from
ATP to ADP + phosphorylated product

A

Kinases

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15
Q

• is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis
reaction in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break
• Central to the process of digestion

A

Hydrolases

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16
Q

breaking of glycosidic bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrases

17
Q

breaking of peptide linkages in proteins

A

Proteases

18
Q

breaking of ester linkages in triglycerides

A

Lipases

19
Q

• is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition
of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond in a manner that does not involve hydrolysis or oxidation
• any member of a class of enzymes that catalyze the addition or removal of the elements of water (hydrogen, oxygen), ammonia (nitrogen, hydrogen), or carbon dioxide (carbon, oxygen) at double bonds

A

Lyases

20
Q

removal of the components of water from a double bond

A

Dehydratase

21
Q

addition of water to a double bond

A

Hydratase

22
Q

catalyze the removal of CO2 from a substrate

A

Decarboxylases

23
Q

catalyze the removal of NH3 from a substrate

A

Deaminases

24
Q

catalyze the removal of H2O from a substrate

A

Dehydratases

biochem-lat (12 decks)

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