Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes may recognize and catalyze:

Answer 1

⊚ A single substrate
⊚ A group of similar substrates
⊚ A particular type of bond

Question 2

Acted upon by the enzyme and specific

Answer 2

Substrate

Question 3

Acted upon by the enzyme and specific but different form with the same action

Answer 3

Isoenzyme

Question 4

Non-protein molecule of a conjugated enzyme

Answer 4

Cofactor

Question 5

Activator/Metal ions

Answer 5

Inorganic cofactor

Question 6

Organic cofactor

Answer 6

Coenzyme

Question 7

Polypeptide portion of a conjugated enzyme and inactive enzyme

Answer 7

Apoenzyme

Question 8

Apoenzyme + Cofactor

Answer 8

Holoenzyme

Question 9

⊚ Also known as zymogen
⊚ Inactive form or precursor of enzyme
⊚ It is then converted, usually by proteolysis,
to the active form when it has reached the site of its activity

Answer 9

Proenyzme

Question 10

Enzyme Commission Nomenclature (E.C.)

Answer 10

⊚ 1st digit – class
⊚ 2nd digit – subclass
⊚ 3rd and 4th digit – serial number

Question 11

Oxidation and reduction

Answer 11

Oxidoreductases

Question 12

Transfer of functional groups other than
hydrogen from one substrate to another

Answer 12

Transferases

Question 13

transfer of amino group

Answer 13

Transaminases

Question 14

transfer of phosphate group from
ATP to ADP + phosphorylated product

Answer 14

Kinases

Question 15

• is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis
reaction in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break
• Central to the process of digestion

Answer 15

Hydrolases

Question 16

breaking of glycosidic bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

Answer 16

Carbohydrases

Question 17

breaking of peptide linkages in proteins

Answer 17

Proteases

Question 18

breaking of ester linkages in triglycerides

Answer 18

Lipases

Question 19

• is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition
of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond in a manner that does not involve hydrolysis or oxidation
• any member of a class of enzymes that catalyze the addition or removal of the elements of water (hydrogen, oxygen), ammonia (nitrogen, hydrogen), or carbon dioxide (carbon, oxygen) at double bonds

Answer 19

Lyases

Question 20

removal of the components of water from a double bond

Answer 20

Dehydratase

Question 21

addition of water to a double bond

Answer 21

Hydratase

Question 22

catalyze the removal of CO2 from a substrate

Answer 22

Decarboxylases

Question 23

catalyze the removal of NH3 from a substrate

Answer 23

Deaminases

Question 24

catalyze the removal of H2O from a substrate

Answer 24

Dehydratases