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biochem-lat > CARBOHYDRATES > Flashcards

CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest unit of carbohydrates, is the simplest sugars, a single carbon chain, and has 3-9 carbons?

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

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2
Q

Functional Groups of Monosaccharides

A
  1. Aldoses
  2. Ketones
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3
Q

Monosaccharides according to their number of Carbon Atoms

A
  1. Trioses
  2. Tetroses
  3. Pentoses
  4. Hexoses
  5. Heptoses
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4
Q

Three types of Oligosaccharides:

A

Disaccharides, Trisaccharides, and Tetrasaccharides

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5
Q

What are the three Disaccharides

A
  1. Maltose
  2. Lactose
  3. Sucrose
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6
Q

Raffinase is what type of Oligosaccharide?

A

Trisaccharide

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7
Q

Stachyose is what type of Oligosaccharide?

A

Tetrasaccharide

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8
Q

What are Polysaccharides?

A
  • polymeric carbohydrate that contains many monosaccharide units covalently bonded to each other.
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9
Q

Polysaccharides can either be _________ or _______

A

Heteropolysaccharide, Homopolysaccharide

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10
Q

Give 5 Homopolysaccharides:

A
  • Starch
  • Dextrin
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
  • Insulin
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11
Q

Give 5 Heteropolysaccharides:

A
  • Hyaluronic Acid
  • Heparin
  • Chondroitin Sulfate
  • Dermatan Sulfate
  • Keratan Sulfate
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12
Q

What are Trioses made up of and give two examples

A

Trioses are made up of 3 carbon atoms; Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone

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13
Q

Three examples of Pentoses

A
  1. Ribose
  2. Deoxyribose
  3. Ribulose
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14
Q

Ribose is needed in the synthesis of some coenzymes like _______?

A
  1. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
  2. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
  3. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
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15
Q

These monosaccharides are biologically important in humans, are made up of 6 carbon atoms, and needed for the formation of polysaccharides _______

A

Hexoses

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16
Q

Hexoses are abundant in _____?

A

honey, agave, molases

17
Q

Structural Isomers have a same molecular formula but different in terms of?

A

different bonding arrangements

18
Q

Two examples of Tautomers

A

d-glucose and d-fructose

19
Q

Epimers differ from each other only at ______?

A

one carbon

20
Q

What is a Pyran?

A

A Pyrqn is 6 membered and hemiacetal (heterocyclic)

21
Q

What is a Furan?

A

5 membered, hemiketal (for ketose and sugar) most imporant: fructose

22
Q

What acid is considered weak because it can only oxidize C1

A

Aldonic acid

biochem-lat (12 decks)

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