CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards
What is the smallest unit of carbohydrates, is the simplest sugars, a single carbon chain, and has 3-9 carbons?
MONOSACCHARIDES
Functional Groups of Monosaccharides
- Aldoses
- Ketones
Monosaccharides according to their number of Carbon Atoms
- Trioses
- Tetroses
- Pentoses
- Hexoses
- Heptoses
Three types of Oligosaccharides:
Disaccharides, Trisaccharides, and Tetrasaccharides
What are the three Disaccharides
- Maltose
- Lactose
- Sucrose
Raffinase is what type of Oligosaccharide?
Trisaccharide
Stachyose is what type of Oligosaccharide?
Tetrasaccharide
What are Polysaccharides?
- polymeric carbohydrate that contains many monosaccharide units covalently bonded to each other.
Polysaccharides can either be _________ or _______
Heteropolysaccharide, Homopolysaccharide
Give 5 Homopolysaccharides:
- Starch
- Dextrin
- Glycogen
- Cellulose
- Insulin
Give 5 Heteropolysaccharides:
- Hyaluronic Acid
- Heparin
- Chondroitin Sulfate
- Dermatan Sulfate
- Keratan Sulfate
What are Trioses made up of and give two examples
Trioses are made up of 3 carbon atoms; Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone
Three examples of Pentoses
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
- Ribulose
Ribose is needed in the synthesis of some coenzymes like _______?
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide
These monosaccharides are biologically important in humans, are made up of 6 carbon atoms, and needed for the formation of polysaccharides _______
Hexoses
Hexoses are abundant in _____?
honey, agave, molases
Structural Isomers have a same molecular formula but different in terms of?
different bonding arrangements
Two examples of Tautomers
d-glucose and d-fructose
Epimers differ from each other only at ______?
one carbon
What is a Pyran?
A Pyrqn is 6 membered and hemiacetal (heterocyclic)
What is a Furan?
5 membered, hemiketal (for ketose and sugar) most imporant: fructose
What acid is considered weak because it can only oxidize C1
Aldonic acid
