Enzymes Flashcards
What is an enzyme
A biological catalys that doesnt get used up in chemical reactions
What do enzymes do
increase the rate of reaction by decreasing activation energy and letting chemical reactions happen faster at lower temperatures
What do enzymes catalise in the body
All the metabollic reactions eg.
-respiration
-photosynthesis
-digestion
Aswell as acting as motors,membrane pumps and receptors
How do enzymes work?
The substrate binds to the enzyme to form an enzyme-substrate complex.
Then the substrate is converted into the product and is released from the active site beacuse its no longer complementary.
Where do most chemical reactions take place
The cytoplasm
Why is the hhuman body 37c if the ideal temperature is 40c
Its a buffer zone for if were sick and our temperature is rising then all of our enzymes dont imediatly start to denature
What is the lock and key model
-The active site is complementary to the substrate
-The amino acids active site forms weak hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds with the substrate molecule
Issues with the lock and key hypothesis
It doesnt account for the orientation of the substrate fitting directly into the active site
What is the induced fit model
-The active site is flexible and changes shape
-When the substrate starts to bind, the active site changes shape to fit the substrate
What are the small proteins in enzymes and what do they do?
Theyre called coenzymes and theyre found in active sites to help bind substrates
