Enzymes Flashcards
What are intracellular enzymes?
Enzymes made inside the cell for use inside the cell
What is an example of an intracellular enzyme?
Catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide which is a waste product of cellular reactions
What are extracellular enzymes?
Enzymes made inside the cell for use outside the cell
What is an example of an extracellular enzyme?
Digestive enzymes and fungal nutrition such as amylase or trypsin
What do enzymes catalyse?
Processes necessary to life which involve chemical reactions
What is an example of a process that enzymes catalyse?
Metabolic pathways such as photosynthesis or respiration
What are enzymes required for?
To build large polymers and break down large molecules
What is the process of building large polymers?
Anabolic reactions, such as, building cellulose for cell walls
What is the process of breaking down large molecules?
Catabolic reactions, such as, breaking down glucose in respiration to release energy
What is an example of an enzyme controlled reaction?
Hydrolysis, condensation and digestion of food molecules such as starch
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the different reactions or reaction pathways (multi-step processes, each step catalysed by enzymes) in a cell or organism
How are enzymes named?
With -ases such as enzymes that catalyse the breaking of peptide bonds are known as proteases
What is an enzyme?
A protein molecule that works as a biological catalyst to increase the speed of a metabolic reaction
What does amylase do?
Breaks down starch into maltose
What does maltase do?
Breaks down maltose to form two alpha glucose molecules
