Catalysts

Question 1

What do substrates do constantly?

Answer 1

Move around and collide

Question 2

What happens to enzymes after the reaction

Answer 2

The enzyme remains unchanged

Question 3

How do enzymes speed up the reaction?

Answer 3

They lower the activation energy

Question 4

How to enzymes bind to the substrate?

Answer 4

The substrate is held as the active site so the atoms groups are close enough to react and the R groups of the active site interact with the substrate, forming a temporary bond which puts a strain on the substrate

Question 5

What are industrial/commercial catalysts?

Answer 5

Metals and chemicals

Question 6

What do enzymes catalyse?

Answer 6

Metabolic reactions

Question 7

What are the differences between biological and industrial catalysts?

Answer 7

Enzymes are usually faster, enzymes aren’t used up and enzymes are specific to one reaction so no unwanted byproducts produced.

Question 8

How much hydrogen peroxide can one molecule of catalase break down per second?

Answer 8

40 million molecules

Question 9

What is Vmax

Answer 9

Maximum rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction

Question 10

What is a substrate?

Answer 10

The molecule the enzyme helps to react

Question 11

What is enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 11

Formed when substrate fits into the active site

Question 12

What is enzyme-product complex?

Answer 12

Formed as the reaction takes place

Question 13

What is the active site?

Answer 13

Site in the tertiary structure of an enzyme where the substrate is bound

Question 14

What is the product?

Answer 14

Formed by the reaction and released by the active site at the end of the reaction

Question 15

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 15

The substrate fits into the active site because of their complimentary shape. The enzyme binds to the substrate and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate reacts and an enzyme-product complex is formed. The products are released, leaving the enxyme unchanged and ready for the next reaction.

Question 16

What is the induced fit hypothesis?

Answer 16

The active site changes shape and the enzyme complex forms and the intital interactions between the active site and substrate are weak. These weak interactions change the tertiary structure of the active site strengthening the binding and putting strain on the substrate. This weakens particular bonds in the substrate, lowering the activation energy for the reactions. These weak interactions bring substrates closer together and weaken the bonds within the substrates lowering the activation energy for the reaction

Question 17

What is the transition state model?

Answer 17

All reactions go through a transition state as the different chemical compounds react with each other and the formation of the transition determines the activation energy of the reaction