Enzymes Flashcards
How could you increase the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction with a reversible inhibitor present?
Increase the substrate concentration
State what energy is increased when temperature increases.
Kinetic
Explain the outcome of increasing the substrate concentration on an enzyme controlled reaction.
Beacuse there is more susbtrate
Then there are more successful collisions between enzyme and substrate, so more enzyme substrate complexes form,
therefore increasing the rate of reaction.
Active site is a part of an enzyme that is
specific and complementary in shape and charge to the substrate.
A substrate is the
reactant in an enzyme reaction.
The induced fit enzyme theory is the idea that ..
enzyme and substrate mould together
The lock and key enzyme theory is the idea that ?
enzyme and substrate fit together in a rigid manner
Non-competitive inhibitors ?
Chemicals that bind to an allosteric site and change the 3D shape of an enzyme’s active site so it no longer functions.
Products in a reaction are …
The resultant chemicals produced by an enzyme reaction from the initial substrate.
The enzyme substrate complex is when ?
Enzyme bound to substrate following a successful collision.
Competitive inhibitors are . ..
Chemicals that are complementary in terms of shape and charge to the enzyme active site.
They occupy the active site, thus slowing down the rate of a reaction as less enzyme-substrate complexes form
If an enzyme has denatured it has changed the ?
3D shape of an enzyme, changing the shape of the active site, so it is no longer complementary and specific to substrate
Anabolic reactions are ?
Reactions that build chemicals - also called synthesis reactions e.g. photosynthesis
Catabolic reactions are ..
Reactions that break chemicals down - also called decomposition reactions e.g.aerobic adn anaerobic cellular respiration
Endergonic reactions are?
Energy-requiring reactions - link to anabolic reactions
Exergonic reactions are?
Energy-releasing reactions - link to catabolic reactions
Activation energy is ..
The energy required to make a reaction begin.
An enzyme is …
is a protein, and biological catalyst, that lowers the activation energy of reactions.
Competitive inhibitors are chemicals that
occupy the active site, thus slowing down the rate of a reaction
If an enzyme is inactive then
it has low kinetic energy but has not changed tertiary structure or 3D shape of the active site
In what conditions do enzymes denature?
High and low pH and high termperatures
Name the factors that affect enzyme reaction rate
pH Temperature Substrate concentration Enzyme concentration Competitive inhibitors Non-Competitive inhibitors
Which type of inhibitor competes for the active site against the substrate?
competitive inhibitor
State four key terms to include when addressing enzyme questions
active site
3D shape
Specific and complementary
Enzyme substrate complexes
Explain what determines the structure of the active site
Because the protein is made from a sequence of amino acids, primary structure, then the R groups from these determine the bonds that will form. Therefore leading to the overall 3D structure, including the active site.
Metabolism is …
Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism.
A reaction where there is more energy in the products than reactants is classified as ..
Synthesis/anabolic/endergonic
A reaction where there is more energy in the reactants than products is classified as ..
decomposition/catabolic/exergonic
State four key terms to include when explaining an enzyme reaction rate and temperature graph
Optimum
Denature
inactive
kinetcis energy = successful collisions
Draw a 3 part diagram to show an enzyme reaction
Draw a 3 part diagram to show the effect of a competitive inhibitor on an enzyme reaction
Draw a diagram to show the impact of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme active site
Name point X
Saturation point
Explain why the reaction rate plateaus after point X
Because all enzyme active sites are occupied with subtrate
Then the maximum number of enzyme substrate complexes are already forming each second
Then the reaction rate platues and cannot increase regardless of an increase in substrate.
