Enzymes

Question 1

what are enzymes?

Answer 1

proteins that speed up(catalyse) rate of a specific chemical reaction

Question 2

examples of where enzymes are used in the body

Answer 2

Digestion: carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Blood clotting: fibrin clott catalysed by thrombin enzyme
defence in immune system: antibodies
movement: muscle actomyosin is an ATPase
nerve conduction- membrane pumps for na+, Ca2+, K+

Question 3

what is thrombin

Answer 3

enzyme in body that converts fibrinogen to fibrin clotting blood

Question 4

give examples of diseases caused by enzyme defects

Answer 4

• Phenylketonuria
• glycogen storage disease
• Tay sachs disease

Question 5

what is phenylketunoria, symptoms and how the enzyme is linked

Question 6

Glycogen storage disease

Answer 6

lack of enzyme involved in hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose so glucose cant be metabolised

Question 7

types of drugs used for different conditions that target enzymes

Answer 7

Antibiotics- e.g penicillin inhibits enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis
anti-inflammatory- e.g aspirin work by inhibiting enzyme involved in oprostaglandin synthesis
anticancer drugs

Question 8

which enzyme antibiotin penicillin targets

Question 9

which enzyme anti inflamatory drugs target

Question 10

which enzyme anti cancer drug methotrexate targets?

Question 11

what are some properties of enzymes? hint they are catalysts

Answer 11

• increse speed of reaction by 10 billion folds
• are highbly specific
• remain unchanged end of reaction
• dont alter equilibrium position
• lower Ea