Enzymes

Question 1

Why is an enzyme called a biological catylist?

Answer 1

Increases the rate of reaction in living organisms.

Question 2

How do substrates enter an enzyme?

Answer 2

Substrate binds to active site
Substrate and active site are complimentry
Enzyme-substrate complex formed

Question 3

How can phosphate bound to the back of an enzyme make it functional?

Answer 3

Changes the shape of enzyme/active site
active site can bind to substrate as it is complimentry.

Question 4

What is an effector binding site called

Answer 4

Allosteric site

Question 5

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 5

Similar shape to the substrate molecule - compete to bind with active site

Question 6

What is a non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 6

Binds to enzyme at allosteric site - changes shape of the active site

this prevents the Substrate from binding.

Question 7

2 ways enzymes are able to reduce the activation energy.

Answer 7

Hold 2 substrates close together in enzyme-substrate complexes
and making it easier for them to collide

Straining/stressing bonds within substrates
and making it easier to break them.

Question 8

Induced fit hypothesis - explain

Answer 8

Parts can move
not perfect 3D fit with substrate
Active site changes to fit substrate shape
stress substrate/weaken bonds to lower activation energy

Question 9

How do enzymes denature

Answer 9

High temperature
Low/high PH

in both, weak bonds in tertiary structure break.
changes 3D structure of active site