Carbohydrates Flashcards
difference in displayed formula of alpha to beta glucose
OH and H flipped on the carbon 1 (far right)
is a 1-6 bond branched or straight chain?
straight chain
name a polysaccharide which contains hydrogen bonds.
cellulose
what makes starch a good storage molecule?
Branched chains in amylopectin: fast breakdown
Insoluble: does not affect water potential
Large molecule: contains many glucose molecules
Coiled structure: can fit many molecules into a small area
Where is starch stored in animals?
it isn’t
Control variables to keep in mind and how to maintain
Temperature - thermometer and same source of heat
PH - buffer solution
Same wavelenght of light (when measuring colours)
Duration- stopwatch
volume of added solution - pipettes.
Always keep these specific to the experiment
as heat increases from 0 to 100 explain the affect on an enzyme in the human body
Low temperatures: less kinetic energy
this means less enzyme-substrate complexes formed
optimum temp reached at 37 degrees celcius in humans
denaturation of the enzyme occurs as the temperature gets close to 100 degrees celcius (around 75ish)
glycerol structural formula and role in biological systems
3 carbons in a straight chain
3 hydrogens above
3 hydroxides below
1 hydrogen on each end
Bonds to fatty acids or a phosphate group to form lipids and phospholipids
test for reducing sugars and examples
add benedicts reagens
heat in water bath
if present - brick red precipitate (can be green, yellow, orange)
e.g. Glucose, Fructose, Maltose
Test for non reducing sugars and examples
Dilute HCl - hydrolyse any glycosidic bonds present
Heat
neutralise with sodium hydrogencarbonate
carry out benedicts test (reagent, heat, brick red)
e.g. sucrose
What does starch break down into?
Maltose
What is a Monomer
a single repeating unit from which polymers are made.
