enzymes

Question 1

what do enzymes do

Answer 1

increase rate of reaction by lowering activation energy

Question 2

structure of enzymes

Answer 2

3D tertiary structured globular proteins whose shape is determined by the
primary sequence of amino acids

Question 3

active site

Answer 3

area of the enzyme that is made up of only a few amino acids and forms a
small depression in the overall enzyme

Question 4

substrate

Answer 4

molecule that the enzyme acts upon

Question 5

complementary

Answer 5

enzymes specific to substrates
-only 1 type of substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme

Question 6

enzyme substrate complex

Answer 6

formed when enzyme and substrate bind

Question 7

induced fit model

Answer 7

structure of the enzyme is altered so that the active site of the enzyme fits around the substrate

Question 8

factors affecting the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions

Answer 8

-temp
-pH
-enzyme conc
-substrate conc
-conc of competitive reversible inhibitors
-conc of non-competitive reversible inhibitors

Question 9

temp

Answer 9

rate of reaction increases up to optimum temp as kinetic energy of enzyme increases

above optimum temp rate of reaction decreases as enzyme denatures

Question 10

pH

Answer 10

affects enzyme shape; disrupt bonds in the tertiary structure of the enzyme

all enzymes work at dif. optimum pH’s

Question 11

enzyme conc

Answer 11

rate of reaction increases as enzyme conc increases ; there are more active sites for substrates to bind to

beyond a certain point, increasing enzyme conc has no effect on rate as there are more active sites than substrates so substrate conc becomes limiting factor

Question 12

substrate conc

Answer 12

rate of reaction increases as substrate conc increases as more enzyme-substrate complexes are formed

beyond a certain point, rate no longer increases as enzyme conc becomes limiting factor

Question 13

conc of competitive reversible inhibitors

Answer 13

rate decreases as conc of competitive reversible inhibitors increases as the active sites are temporarily blocked by inhibitors so substrates can’t bind to them

Question 14

conc of non-competitive reversible inhibitors

Answer 14

rate decreases as conc of non-competitive reversible inhibitors increases as the shape of the enzyme (not the active site) is altered by the inhibitors