Enzymes Flashcards
What do Enzymes do?
They increase the speed of reactions , often called biological catalysts.
What does the active site of an enzyme do?
- Catalyses ( speeds up) a reaction, the reacting chemical (substrate ) must bind to the enzymes active site
- The active site will only fit specific substrates.
- The active site is like a lock and the substrate is a key.
There is usually ……….. ………………for every substrate.
There is usually one enzyme for every substrate.
Name the three factors that can affect the rate of enzyme action?
Temperature, PH, substrate concentration.
How can temperature effect the rate of enzyme action?
- Initially increases the reacting activity.
- However, enzymes have an optimum temperature , once this is passed it will become denatured- the active site will change shape and the enzyme is denatured.(looses its catalytic activity)
How does PH effect the rate of enzyme action?
- Enzymes have an optimum ph.
- If the ph is too low or too high, then the enzyme is denatured and will not function.
How does substrate concentration affect the rate of enzyme action ?
- Increasing this will increase the rate of activity to a certain point until it levels off.
- Once there are enough for all the enzymes to bind to there will be no effect on the rate of activity.
What is the equation for rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction = change in mass (g) / change in time (h)
What are digestive enzymes used to do?
Break down large food molecules.
Name the 3 main digestive enzymes?
Analyse, protease, lipase.
What are digestive enzymes produced by?
Specialised cells in the glands lining of the gut.
Name the two action sites of amylase?
- The small intestine.
- Mouth
What does Amalyse do?
-Breaks down starch into simple sugars.
Where is amylase produced?
Small intestine
pancreas
salivary glands
What does protease do?
Responsible for breaking down proteins in our food into amino acids.
