Enzymes

Question 1

What is the transition state stabilization

Answer 1

Active site of the enzyme acts as a molecular template for the substrate to bind and initiates the transition state, this causes more of the intermediate to form that can convert into the product

Question 2

What are the catalysis that allow catalyst formation

Answer 2

Chymotrypsin: Acid and base catalysis that occurs in the intestine, it has general acid, base and covalent catalysis. Histidine in the active site gains and loses protons , gains for base and loses for acid. Serine which forms covalent bonds with the substrate

Question 3

What causes the dip in energy at the formation of the ES complex

Answer 3

Enzyme bound to the substrate is lower energy than substrate

Question 4

What is the reaction order of Km and substrate concentration

Answer 4

When sub concentration is less than Km, the rate of the reaction is said to be proportional to substrate concentration
When sub concentration is more than Km, the rate of reaction is said to be independent of substrate concentration

Question 5

What is the drugs that are competitive inhibitors

Answer 5

Competitive inhibitors are statin drugs like avtorstatin and pravastatin that affect HMG Coa reductase which inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis

Question 6

What drug is a non competitive inhibitor

Answer 6

Oxipurinol, made from allopurinol is a noncompetitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

Question 7

What enzyme is blocked by aspirin

Answer 7

Cyclooxygenase

Question 8

What inhibitors block ACE, what symptoms does it cause

Answer 8

It is inhibited by captpril, enalapril and lisinopril, it causes vasodilation and reduction in blood pressure

Question 9

What enzymes phosphorylation and dephosphorylate the enzymes

Answer 9

Phosphorylation is done by protein kinases, dephosphorylation is done by phosphoprotein phosphatase

Question 10

What is the difference between glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase

Answer 10

Glycogen phosphorylase degrades glycogen has increased activity when phosphorylated, glycogen synthase synthesizes glycogen has decreased activity when phosphorylated

Question 11

What organ is damaged when there is high levels of alanine aminotransferase in the plasma

Answer 11

Liver

Question 12

What is the stages of CK2 level increase

Answer 12

Onset: 4-8 hours, peak 24 hours, baseline at 48-72 hours

Question 13

What is the periods for cTn during cardiac damage

Answer 13

Onset: 4-6 hours, peak: 24,36 hours, remains elevated for 3-10 days