Enzymes Flashcards
What kind of shape do the active site and substrate have?
Complimentary
What are all enzymes?
Proteins
What protein structure stage are enzymes at?
Tertiary
What kind of shape do enzymes have?
3D shape
What in the 3D structure creates the active site?
Indents
What do enzymes do?
Help speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts
What does it mean to be a biological catalyst?
Speeds up reaction without being used up or changed
What is activation energy?
Specific amount of energy needed to break bonds / for a reaction to happen
What is needed for a reaction to happen?
2 substances need to have a bond broken in each
If new bonds are made/reformed what is made?
Products
When an enzyme is added what happens to the activation energy?
Decreases
What kind of shape does an enzyme have?
Tertiary / 3D structure / globular
What does an enzyme consist of?
active site and substrate
Name the 2 theories of enzyme activity.`
Lock and key
Induced fit
What does the lock and key theory say about the active site?
Has a specific shape and only 1substrate can have a complimentary shape
What does the lock and key theory say about the enzyme?
Its specific
What does the induced fit theory say about the enzyme?
It alters slightly it shape to fit the substrate
How does the enzyme lower activation energy?
Puts strain on bonds
What is the shape of the active site and the substrate like in Induced fit theory?
Not fully complimentary
What determines the shape of the active site of the enzyme?
Primary protein sequence: Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
What happens if there is a change in the structure of the enzyme?
Loss of function
What factors affect enzyme activity?
- Temperature
- pH
- Substrate concentration
- Enzyme concentration
- Inhibitors
Describe the what happens when there is high temperature.
- High temperature
- More kinetic energy
- More successful collisions
- Faster rate of reaction
Describe what happens if the temperature is over the optimum temperature.
- Vibrates hard
- Breaks weak hydrogen bonds in the tertiary structure
- Denatures