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Biology - A level > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of shape do the active site and substrate have?

A

Complimentary

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2
Q

What are all enzymes?

A

Proteins

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3
Q

What protein structure stage are enzymes at?

A

Tertiary

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4
Q

What kind of shape do enzymes have?

A

3D shape

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5
Q

What in the 3D structure creates the active site?

A

Indents

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6
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Help speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

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7
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts

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8
Q

What does it mean to be a biological catalyst?

A

Speeds up reaction without being used up or changed

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9
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Specific amount of energy needed to break bonds / for a reaction to happen

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10
Q

What is needed for a reaction to happen?

A

2 substances need to have a bond broken in each

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11
Q

If new bonds are made/reformed what is made?

A

Products

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12
Q

When an enzyme is added what happens to the activation energy?

A

Decreases

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13
Q

What kind of shape does an enzyme have?

A

Tertiary / 3D structure / globular

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14
Q

What does an enzyme consist of?

A

active site and substrate

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15
Q

Name the 2 theories of enzyme activity.`

A

Lock and key

Induced fit

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16
Q

What does the lock and key theory say about the active site?

A

Has a specific shape and only 1substrate can have a complimentary shape

17
Q

What does the lock and key theory say about the enzyme?

A

Its specific

18
Q

What does the induced fit theory say about the enzyme?

A

It alters slightly it shape to fit the substrate

19
Q

How does the enzyme lower activation energy?

A

Puts strain on bonds

20
Q

What is the shape of the active site and the substrate like in Induced fit theory?

A

Not fully complimentary

21
Q

What determines the shape of the active site of the enzyme?

A

Primary protein sequence: Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

22
Q

What happens if there is a change in the structure of the enzyme?

A

Loss of function

23
Q

What factors affect enzyme activity?

A
  • Temperature
  • pH
  • Substrate concentration
  • Enzyme concentration
  • Inhibitors
24
Q

Describe the what happens when there is high temperature.

A
  • High temperature
  • More kinetic energy
  • More successful collisions
  • Faster rate of reaction
25
Q

Describe what happens if the temperature is over the optimum temperature.

A
  • Vibrates hard
  • Breaks weak hydrogen bonds in the tertiary structure
  • Denatures

Biology - A level (18 decks)

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