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biochem lec > enzyme > Flashcards

enzyme Flashcards

1
Q

compound or biological polymer, usually a protein, that acts as a catalyst

A

enzymes

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2
Q

Enzymes that require a metal ion cofactor are termed

A

metal-activated enzymes

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3
Q

for which metal ions serve as prosthetic groups.

A

metalloenzymes

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4
Q

is an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation–reduction reaction.

A

OXIDOREDUCTASE

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5
Q

is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group other than hydrogen

A

TRANSFERASES

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6
Q

is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction

A

HYDROLASE

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7
Q

is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group

A

LYASE

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8
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization

A

ISOMERASE

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9
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the bonding together of two molecules

A

LIGASE

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10
Q

the relatively small part of an enzyme’s structure. Usually a “crevicelike”

A

Enzyme Active Site

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11
Q

the intermediate reaction species that is formed

A

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

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12
Q

only a substrate whose shape and chemical nature are complementary

A

Lock-and-Key Model

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13
Q

is a result of the enzyme’s flexibility

A

Induced-Fit Model

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14
Q

:the extent to which an enzyme’s activity is restricted to a specific substrate

A

Enzyme specificity

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15
Q

is a microorganism that thrives in extreme environments

A

Extremophile

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16
Q

is a microbial enzyme active at conditions

A

EXTREMOZYME

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17
Q

a bacterium that can function in the highly acidic environment of the stomach

A

H. pylori

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18
Q

a molecule closely resembling the substrate

A

competitive enzyme inhibitor

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19
Q

a molecule that binds to a site on an enzyme

A

noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor

20
Q

a molecule that forms a covalent bond

A

irreversible enzyme inhibitor

21
Q

is an enzyme with two or more protein chains

A

Allosteric Enzymes

22
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds

A

proteolytic enzyme

23
Q

is the inactive precursor of a proteolytic enzyme.

A

zymogen

24
Q

is an enzyme that is found primarily in skeletal and cardiac muscle

A

Creatine kinase

25
Q

an enzyme found in the liver, kidney, and pancreas

A

g-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

26
Q

enzyme involved in the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate.

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase

27
Q

enzyme that aids in the digestion of fat.

A

Lipase

28
Q

enzyme that aids in digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.

A

Amylase

29
Q

an enzyme composed only of protein

A

simple enzyme

30
Q

an enzyme that has a nonprotein

A

conjugated enzyme

31
Q

“browning reaction” caused by phenolase (or polyphenoloxidase)

A

OXIDOREDUCTASE

32
Q

enzyme will catalyze only one reaction

A

absolute specificity

33
Q

enzyme will act only on molecules that have a specific functional group

A

group specificity

34
Q

enzyme will act on a particular type of chemical bond

A

linkage specificity

35
Q

enzymes are specific to only one isomer

A

stereochemical specificity

36
Q

optimal growth at pH levels of 3.0 or below

A

acidophiles

37
Q

optimal growth at pH levels of 9.0 or above

A

alkaliphiles

38
Q

a salinity that exceeds 0.2 M NaCl needed for growth

A

halophiles

39
Q

a temperature between 80°C and 122°C needed to thrive

A

Hypothermophiles

40
Q

a temperature of 15°C or lower needed for growth

A

cryophiles

41
Q

a high hydrostatic pressure needed for growth

A

piezophiles

42
Q

what are the 3 types of enzyme inhibition

A

competitive, noncompetitive, irreversible enzyme inhibitor

43
Q

means “other,” and stereos, means “site or space.”

A

allo

44
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of peptide cross links between polysaccharide strands in bacterial cell walls.

A

Transpeptidase

45
Q

an enzyme which protects bacteria from penicillin.

A

Penicillinase

46
Q

onsidered a specific marker for liver disease

A

alanine aminotransferase

47
Q

For diagnosis of liver disease

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase

biochem lec (5 decks)

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