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biochem lec > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

saccharide or sugar

A

carbohydrates

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2
Q

General formula of carbohydrates

A

Cn(H20)n

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3
Q

CHO

A

aldehyde

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4
Q

CH2OH

A

ketone

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5
Q

In Filipino people they call it

A

aldose and ketose

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6
Q

2 monosaccharides form together is called?

A

disaccharides

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7
Q

2 to 10 monosaccharides

A

Oligosaccharides

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8
Q

more than 10 monosaccharides

A

Polysaccharides

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9
Q

1 glucose + 1 glucose is?

A

maltose

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10
Q

glucose + fructose is?

A

sucrose

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11
Q

glucose + galactose is?

A

lactose

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12
Q

its gonna break down the components

A

hydrolysis

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13
Q

light is going to the left

A

levorotatory light

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14
Q

light is going to the right

A

dextrorotatory light

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15
Q

All points do not coincide together

A

nonsuperimposable

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16
Q

all points that coincide together

A

superimposable

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17
Q

these 2 are both mirror images

A

superimposable and nonsuperimposable

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18
Q

something that contains 4 different groups

A

chiral

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19
Q

is chiral superimposable or nonsuperimposable?

A

nonsuperiposable

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20
Q

an atom in a molecule that has 4 different groups

A

chiral center

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21
Q

molecule whose mirror images are not superimposable

A

chiral molecule

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22
Q

molecules whose mirror images is superimposable

A

achiral molecule

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23
Q

does not contain 4 different groups

A

achiral

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24
Q

If u see oxygen its automatically?

A

achiral

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25
Q

isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas.

A

stereoisomers

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26
Q

2 types of stereoisomers

A

enantiomers and diastereomers

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27
Q

enantions means opposite

A

enantiomers

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28
Q

is stereoisomers superimposable or nonsuperimposable

A

nonsuperimposable

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29
Q

stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other

A

diastereomers

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30
Q

a 2 dimensional structural notation for showing the spatial arrangement

A

fisher projection formula

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31
Q

RCHO is?

A

aldehyde

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32
Q

RCOR is?

A

ketone

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33
Q

lot of possibilities but only one partner

A

2n rule

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34
Q

a 2 dimensional structural notation that specifies the 3-dimensional structure

A

haworth projection

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35
Q

6 membered ring

A

pyranose

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36
Q

5 membered ring

A

furanose

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37
Q

If your monosaccharides will react to oxygen they are called?

A

acidic sugars

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38
Q

3 types of acidic sugars

A

aldonic acid, alduronic acid, aldaric acid

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39
Q

Weak oxidizing agent paired with sugar

A

glucuronic acid

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40
Q

Strong oxidizing agent paired with sugar

A

glucaric acid

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41
Q

uses weak oxidizing agent

A

Aldonic acid

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42
Q

uses enzymes

A

Alduronic acid

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43
Q

uses strong oxidizing agent

A

aldaric acid

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44
Q

where 2 sugars combined together

A

Glycoside formation

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45
Q

added of phosphorus

A

Phosphate formation

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46
Q

there’s presence of amine combining in the sugar

A

Amino sugar formation

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47
Q

NH20 is combined with monosaccharides what will you produce?

A

Amino sugar

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48
Q

Reactions of monosaccharides

A

oxidize, alcohol, glycoside, phosphate, and amino sugar

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49
Q

a component of RNA and energy rich compounds such as ATP

A

D-Ribose

50
Q

known as brain sugar or component of brain sugar

A

D-Galactose

51
Q

A component of glycoproteins found in brain and nerve tissue

A

brain sugar

52
Q

aka dextrose or blood sugar. The most abundant and most important from a human nutritional standpoint

A

d-glucose

53
Q

the most important ketohexose. Used as a dietary sugar because it has fewer calories.

A

d-fructose

54
Q

Also known as levulose and fruit sugar

A

d-fructose

55
Q

sugar that produces sweetening agent

A

D-sorbitol

56
Q

examples of disaccharides

A

sucrose and lactose

57
Q

2 monosaccharides bonded together

A

glycosidic bond

58
Q

malt sugar, common ingredient in baby foods, found in barley.

A

maltose

59
Q

combination of 2 glucose will form?

A

maltose

60
Q

maltose is what type of linkage?

A

alpha linkage

61
Q

cellobiose is what type of linkage?

A

beta linkage

62
Q

Glucose + glucose alpha linkages bond is called

A

maltose

63
Q

Glucose + glucose beta linkages is called

A

cellobiose

64
Q

known as milk sugar

A

lactose

65
Q

2 monosaccharides combined to produce lactose is

A

glucose and galactose

66
Q

people who can tolerate milk

A

lactose persistence

67
Q

wala silay enzyme to breakdown lactase that is why mag lain ilang tiyan maong tawag nila

A

lactose intolerance

68
Q

absence of enzyme needed for conversion of galactose to glucose

A

galactosemia

69
Q

a-D-glucose + b-D-fructose combination of

A

sucrose

70
Q

Your table sugar. The most abundant of all disaccharides

A

sucrose

71
Q

Produces an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose

A

invert sugar

72
Q

Used in jams and jellies

A

invert sugar

73
Q

If sucrose is hydrolyzed it is called

A

invert sugar

74
Q

is 600x sweeter than sucrose. Synthesized from sucrose

A

sucralose

75
Q

an aspartame derivative. 7000x sweeter than sucrose

A

neotame

76
Q

contains 2 to ten monosaccharides. Cannot be digested in the body

A

oligosaccharides

77
Q

Two naturally occurring oligosaccharides

A

raffinose and stachyose

78
Q

composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose

A

raffinose

79
Q

composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose with additional galactose

A

stachyose

80
Q

a toxin found in potato plant

A

solanine

81
Q

the complex carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides

82
Q

Simple carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides and disaccharides

83
Q

form of carbohydrate

A

polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides

84
Q

1 type of monosaccharide monomer

A

Homopolysaccharide

85
Q

2 different types of monomer

A

Heteropolysaccharide

86
Q

a homopolysaccharide aka amylum

A

starch

87
Q

found it fatty tissues

A

Glycogen

88
Q

Reservoir of the glucose or preserved glucose

A

glycogen

89
Q

plants storage

A

starch

90
Q

human storage

A

glycogen

91
Q

up to 1,000 glucose units

A

amylose

92
Q

up to 100,000 glucose units

A

Amylopectin

93
Q

up to 1,000,000 glucose units

A

Glycogen

94
Q

to start glycogen from glucose

A

Glycogenesis

95
Q

to breakdown glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

96
Q

the structural component found in plants

A

cellulose

97
Q

the structural component found in exoskeletons animals

A

chitin

98
Q

Acidic polysaccharides 2 types

A

Hyaluronic acid and heparin

99
Q

Structural polysaccharides 2 types

A

cellulose and chitin

100
Q

lubricants in the fluid of joints. Glassy effect in the eyes

A

Hyaluronic acid

101
Q

blood anticoagulant. Used to avoid internal clotting

A

Heparin

102
Q

Storage for polysaccharides 2 types

A

glycogen and starch

103
Q

For the types of blood what sugar plays a part

A

oligosaccharides

104
Q

the one that control blood sugars

A

insulin

105
Q

will come out if there is too much sugar

A

insulin

106
Q

will come out if there’s less sugar

A

glucagon

107
Q

aka adrenaline. It helps u survive, fight or flight mode

A

epinephrine

108
Q

subcutaneous, it is dependent on insulin.

A

type 1 diabetes

109
Q

hereditary or life style basis. You have insulin but receptors are not responsive to insulin.

A

type 2 diabetes

110
Q

the glucose polymers

A

amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen

111
Q

monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde functional group

A

aldose

112
Q

Monosaccharide that contains a ketone functional group.

A

ketose

113
Q

When a molecule has more than one chiral carbon, each carbon can possibly be arranged in either the right-hand or left-hand form

A

2n rule

114
Q

means “minus an oxygen”

A

deoxy

115
Q

are diastereomers whose molecules differ only in the configuration at one chiral center.

A

Epimers

116
Q

is the bond in a disaccharide resulting from the reaction between the hemiacetal carbon atom

A

glycosidic linkage

117
Q

oligosaccharide molecules that are attached to the plasma membrane of red blood cells

A

Biochemical markers

118
Q

an alternate name for a polysaccharide.

A

Glycan

119
Q

straight-chain glucose polymer

A

amylose

120
Q

branched glucose polymer

A

amylopectin

121
Q

is the most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide

A

cellulose

122
Q

2nd most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide

A

chitin

biochem lec (5 decks)

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