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Biochimie > Enzime > Flashcards

Enzime Flashcards

1
Q

Exemple de enzime ce nu sunt proteine

A

ribozimii - forme de ARN

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2
Q

In ce categorii se impart enzimele in functie de structura?

A

enzime cu structura proteica enzime cu structura heteroproteica

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3
Q

Exemple de enzime cu structura proteica

A

chimotripsina ribonucleaza lizozimul (din lacrimi si mucus nazal)

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4
Q

Cum se numesc structurile ce compun o enzima heteroproteica?

A

partea proteica = apoenzima partea neproteica= cofactor

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5
Q

Cum se numesc, si ce rol au, structurile auxiliare ce se pot lega de enzime?

A

coenzima= componenta organica, care se leaga slab, necovalent de apoenzima, frecvent derivata dintr-o vitamina hidrosolubila grupare prostetica= componenta organica care se leaga de apoenzima puternic, chiar covalent (hemul)

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6
Q

Care sunt tipurile de specificitati ale enzimelor?

A
  1. Specificitate de reactie 2.Specificitate de substrat 3.Specificitate stereochimica
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7
Q

Ce proprietati are specificitatea de reactie?

A

unei reactii ii corespunde o enzima pe baza acestui tip de specificitate se face clasificarea enzimelor

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8
Q

In ce consta specificitatea de substrat?

A

Selectivitate in alegerea substratului

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9
Q

Tipuri de specificitati de substrat?

A

specificitate absoluta specificitate relativa de grup specificitate larga

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10
Q

Ce se intampla in specificitatea absoluta? exemple?

A

enzima utilizeaza un singur substrat ex. ureaza, anhidraza carbonica, acetil colinesteraza

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11
Q

Reactie cu specificitate absoluta?

A
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12
Q

Proprietati specificitate relativa de grup

exemple

A

enzimele pot cataliza un anumit gen de reactie, intr-o familie de compusi inruditi

alcool dehidrogenaza

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13
Q

Proprietati specificitate larga

A

enzimele pot avea o gama larga de substrate dar actiunea lor este aceeasi

exemple: enzimele proteolitice digestive, glicozidazele

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14
Q

Proprietati specificitate stereochimica

A

enzimele pot distinge intre un enantiomer levogir si unul dextrogir sau intre un izomer cis si unul trans

exemplu: lactat dehidrogenaza - substratul este numai acidul L-lactic

succinat dehidrogenaza- se obtine numai izomerul trans = acidul fumaric

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15
Q

reactie lactat dehidrogenaza

A
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16
Q

Reactie succinat dehidrogenaza

A
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17
Q

Care sunt cele 6 tipuri de enzime dupa tipul de reactie catalizat?

A

oxidoreductaze

transferaze

hidrolaze

liaze

izomeraze

ligaze

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18
Q

Subtipuri de oxidoreductaze

A

dehidrogenaze

monooxigenaze

oxidaze

peroxidaze

reductaze

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19
Q

Ce fac oxidoreductazele?

A

catalizeaza reactii redox, de transfer de electroni sau de hidrogen

20
Q

reactii dehidrogenaze

A
21
Q

Reactie monooxigenaze

A
22
Q

Reactie oxidaze

A
23
Q

Reactie peroxidaze

A
24
Q

reactie reductaze

A
25
Q

Ce fac transferazele?

A

catalizeaza reactii de transder a unei grupari de la un donor catre un acceptor

26
Q

Reactia generala catalizata de transferaze

A
27
Q

Tipuri de transferaze

A

aminotransferaze (transaminaze)

fosforil transferaze

metil transferaze

28
Q

Reactii transaminaze

A
29
Q

Ce fac hidrolazele?

A

catalizeaza reactii de hidroliza

30
Q

Reactii generale catalizate de hidrolaze?

A
31
Q

Tipuri de hidrolaze

A

esteraze

glicozidaze

peptidaze

32
Q

Ce fac liazele?

A

catalizeaza reactii de aditie reversibile, la legaturi multiple

33
Q

Subcategorii de liaze

A

sintazele - catalizeaza legarea a 2 molecule fara implicarea ATP

anhidraza carbonica

fumaraza

34
Q

Ce fac izomerazele?

A

catalizeaza reactiile de izomerizare

35
Q

Tipuri de izomeraze

A

epimeraze

izomerazele cis-trans

mutazele

36
Q

reactie epimeraze

reactie mutaze

A
37
Q

Ce fac ligazele?

reactii generale ligaze

A

catalizeaza reactii de condensare cuplate cu scindarea de ATP

38
Q

Subtip de ligaze

reactia lor

A
39
Q

Ce se gaseste cel mai frecvent in situsurile catalitice?

A

resturi de Cis, Ser, His, Tyr, Glu, Asp avand grupari functionale -OH, -SH, -NH3+, COO-, imidazol

40
Q

Cine a descris modelul clasic?

A

Emil Fischer

41
Q

Cine a propus modelul dinamic?

A

Koshland

42
Q
A
43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q
A

Biochimie (5 decks)

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