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pathology > environmental toxins > Flashcards

environmental toxins Flashcards

1
Q

bitter almonds

A

cyanide

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2
Q

friity

A

diabetic

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3
Q

garlic

A

organophosphates, arsenic, DMSO

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4
Q

mothballs

A

naphthalene, camphor

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5
Q

how often do patients with CO poisoning turn red

A

not very often but it does cause blood to be very red even though its not carrying oxygen

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6
Q

what poisoning often happens in conjunction with CO poisoning

A

cyanide poising because of the burning furniture in fires.

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7
Q

what is ment by heavy metals

A

metals or metalloids of environmental concern, denser than iron

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8
Q

Do radioisotopes bioconcentrate

A

yes, they do as they are eaten and move up the food chain.

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9
Q

before what date should things not have cesium?

A

before 1924

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10
Q

how can you increase toxicity of HG

A

methylate it and it becomes more water soluble and can cross the BBB.

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11
Q

what are the two main toxicities of mercury poisoning?

A

neruotoxicity (brain) and nephrotoxicity (kidney

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12
Q

is arsinic always poisonous?

A

no it can be in some species genome

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13
Q

what does acure arsenic poisoning cause?

A

CAN toxicity and hemorragic gastroenteritis

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14
Q

what does chronic arsenic cause

A

malaise, abdominal pain, skin changes, mees lines.

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15
Q

mees lines arsenic

A

horixontal white lines on nails

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16
Q

what do lead lines look like

A

they are not on nails they are at the gingivodental line

17
Q

why is lead worse for children

A

CNS toxicity,

18
Q

Pica

A

desire to eat dirt or ice, may be genetic condition

19
Q

basophilic stippling?

A

seen with microcytic anemia in lead poisoning. Ribosome are spread showing small dots at periphery

20
Q

why do those who start smoking at 30+ not get COPD

A

because they thart after epithelial transition ends at about 20. this also makes it so that cumulative effects take longer

21
Q

what is the 20 pack year thing.

A

packs per day times years smoking. 20 = cancer in the othd view.

22
Q

what illness can second hand smoke cause in children

A

sids, otitis media and asthma/URI

23
Q

what is photochemical smog?

A

chemical reaction of sun, NO, and VOCs in atmosphere leading to ground level ozones and particles and aldehydes, Nos

24
Q

what was in smog in 1905?

A

soot, and sulfer from burining coal

25
Q

how is ozone formed?

A

in atmosphere when NO is broken by sun, and some os for osone.

26
Q

why is silicosis the most common pneumoconiosis?

A

caused by inhalation of dust or pollutants in smok with silica

27
Q

sillicoderosis

A

inhale dust and sillica, swelling of lungs

28
Q

caplans syndrome

A

swelling and scarring of the lungs of people with rheumatoid arthritis…pneumoconiosis in combination with multiple pulmonary rheumatoid nodes found in rheumatoid arthritis.

29
Q

silicates

A

adding another atom to silica to make mineral

30
Q

silicon

A

chemical element, but almost always in combo with O2

31
Q

silicone

A

polymer of silicone with C and O. solid liquid or gel

32
Q

Pathogonomic

A

symptom/sign that is character of diesase, that will tell you a specific disease without a doubt

33
Q

what is eggshell calcification

A

indicates silicosis on an xray, it is pathogonomonic

34
Q

why does inhaling particles cause fibrosis?

A

magrophage igestion trigger frbrogenic respons via growth factors, promote collagen deposition

35
Q

where do asbestose fibers localize

A

in septum of alveolus and distal lung.

36
Q

what are asbestosed fibers in lungs cause

A

rod or dumbell shaped

37
Q

cancer of asbestose

A

mesothelioma that involves lower lobes and pleura

38
Q

asbestose exposure increases lung cancer by how much

A

5 times then 55 times if the ysmoke to.

pathology (7 decks)

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