environmental toxins Flashcards
bitter almonds
cyanide
friity
diabetic
garlic
organophosphates, arsenic, DMSO
mothballs
naphthalene, camphor
how often do patients with CO poisoning turn red
not very often but it does cause blood to be very red even though its not carrying oxygen
what poisoning often happens in conjunction with CO poisoning
cyanide poising because of the burning furniture in fires.
what is ment by heavy metals
metals or metalloids of environmental concern, denser than iron
Do radioisotopes bioconcentrate
yes, they do as they are eaten and move up the food chain.
before what date should things not have cesium?
before 1924
how can you increase toxicity of HG
methylate it and it becomes more water soluble and can cross the BBB.
what are the two main toxicities of mercury poisoning?
neruotoxicity (brain) and nephrotoxicity (kidney
is arsinic always poisonous?
no it can be in some species genome
what does acure arsenic poisoning cause?
CAN toxicity and hemorragic gastroenteritis
what does chronic arsenic cause
malaise, abdominal pain, skin changes, mees lines.
mees lines arsenic
horixontal white lines on nails
what do lead lines look like
they are not on nails they are at the gingivodental line
why is lead worse for children
CNS toxicity,
Pica
desire to eat dirt or ice, may be genetic condition
basophilic stippling?
seen with microcytic anemia in lead poisoning. Ribosome are spread showing small dots at periphery
why do those who start smoking at 30+ not get COPD
because they thart after epithelial transition ends at about 20. this also makes it so that cumulative effects take longer
what is the 20 pack year thing.
packs per day times years smoking. 20 = cancer in the othd view.
what illness can second hand smoke cause in children
sids, otitis media and asthma/URI
what is photochemical smog?
chemical reaction of sun, NO, and VOCs in atmosphere leading to ground level ozones and particles and aldehydes, Nos
what was in smog in 1905?
soot, and sulfer from burining coal
how is ozone formed?
in atmosphere when NO is broken by sun, and some os for osone.
why is silicosis the most common pneumoconiosis?
caused by inhalation of dust or pollutants in smok with silica
sillicoderosis
inhale dust and sillica, swelling of lungs
caplans syndrome
swelling and scarring of the lungs of people with rheumatoid arthritis…pneumoconiosis in combination with multiple pulmonary rheumatoid nodes found in rheumatoid arthritis.
silicates
adding another atom to silica to make mineral
silicon
chemical element, but almost always in combo with O2
silicone
polymer of silicone with C and O. solid liquid or gel
Pathogonomic
symptom/sign that is character of diesase, that will tell you a specific disease without a doubt
what is eggshell calcification
indicates silicosis on an xray, it is pathogonomonic
why does inhaling particles cause fibrosis?
magrophage igestion trigger frbrogenic respons via growth factors, promote collagen deposition
where do asbestose fibers localize
in septum of alveolus and distal lung.
what are asbestosed fibers in lungs cause
rod or dumbell shaped
cancer of asbestose
mesothelioma that involves lower lobes and pleura
asbestose exposure increases lung cancer by how much
5 times then 55 times if the ysmoke to.
