Environmental Hydrology

Question 1

What percentage of water on Earth is fresh and salt water?

Answer 1

Fresh; 2.5

Salt; 97.5

Question 2

Where is most of Earth’s freshwater found?

Answer 2

Frozen in glaciers

Question 3

Where is most Earth’s available freshwater found?

Answer 3

Ground water/ aquifer

Question 4

Most of the US’s water is used for thermoelectric power which

What is a conservation solution

Answer 4

produces electricity by heating up a vat of water to produce steam to turn a turbine

an alternative solution without large vats of water

Question 5

A third of our water is used for

Answer 5

irrigation

Question 6

Irrigation is a wasteful use of water because

A solution would be

Answer 6

80% is lost to evaporation

trickle method, but it is more expensive

Question 7

Which states have a shortage of water, so most of its water is used only for irrigation

Answer 7

Western

Question 8

Dual-flush toilet

Answer 8

option for number 1 and number 2 to save water

Question 9

High-efficiency washers

Answer 9

measures the amount of water used

Question 10

Cone of Depression

Answer 10

When an aquifer is overused the water table sinks

Question 11

Subsidence

Answer 11

Land around the aquifer sinks

Question 12

Saltwater Intrusion

Answer 12

When salt water gets into an aquifer

Question 13

The major source of water pollution is

Answer 13

agriculture because pesticides, fertilizers and animal waste

Question 14

Estuary Degradation

Answer 14

Damaging estuaries as a result of human activities leads to bioaccumulation and eutrophication

Question 15

Bioaccumulation

Answer 15

buildup of pollutants in the tissues of aquatic organisms

EX; mercury in fish

Question 16

Eutrophication

Answer 16

When excessive levels of nutrients accumulate from detergents, fertilizers, or sewage

Question 17

Which type of aquifer is most likely to become polluted

Answer 17

unconfined

Question 18

How does radon get into groundwater?

What effect does radon have on humans?

Answer 18

Water trickling down picks up these chemicals from rocks and leaks into aquifers

Stomach cancer or lung cancer if inhaled

Question 19

How does arsenic get in groundwater?

What effect does it have on humans?

Answer 19

Wells drilled to deep can bring it to the surface and into groundwater

Skin lesions especially on feet

Question 20

A bacterial infection that causes skin rashes, fever, constipation, or diarrhea

Answer 20

Typhoid

Question 21

Hepatitis A

Answer 21

Contracted from a virus that causes your liver to inflame

Question 22

Experiencing diarrhea and dehydration

Answer 22

Cholera

Question 23

Federal Water Pollution Control Act

Answer 23

Federally-funded assistance to set up water treatment plants around the country

Question 24

Act that ensures everyone in the US has access to clean drinking water

Answer 24

Safe Drinking Act

Question 25

Clean Water Act

Answer 25

Eliminates pollutants in bodies of freshwater and to restore water quality in those bodies

Question 26

Steps of Water Treatment in order Silly Alligators Pee Constantly Sadly Doe

Answer 26

1. Screening 2. Aeration 3. pH Correction 4. Coagulation 5. Sedimentation 6. Disinfection

Question 27

Step 1 of Water Treatment; Screening Silly Alligators Pee Constantly Sadly Doe

Answer 27

Removal of large floating objects through a large rotating screen

Question 28

Step 2 of Water Treatment; Aeration Silly Alligators Pee Constantly Sadly Doe

Answer 28

Using pressure to force oxygen gas into the water to remove the bad smell and taste

Question 29

Step 3 of Water Treatment; pH Correction Silly Alligators Pee Constantly Sadly Doe

Answer 29

Add chemicals so that water is neutral, helps with coagulation

Question 30

Step 4 of Water Treatment; Coagulation Silly Alligators Pee Constantly Sadly Doe

Answer 30

Use alum to clump together solids into larger solids so they sink to the bottom of the tank

Question 31

Step 5 of Water Treatment; Sedimentation Silly Alligators Pee Constantly Sadly Doe

Answer 31

Large solids settle on the bottom of the tank and then are removed and used for fertilizer

Question 32

Step 6 of Water Treatment; Disinfection Silly Alligators Pee Constantly Sadly Doe

Answer 32

Water is treated with chlorine and UV light to kill any remaining bacteria

Question 33

Where are the most micro plastics located Why are microplastics dangerous

Answer 33

Center of Gyre Gets stuck in their bodies, they feel full and starve Gets stuck in their bodies and causes harm to their development

Question 34

Burning fossil fuels produces the gas carbon dioxide which creates carbonic acid and results

Answer 34

in death to coral reefs and death to marine organisms

Question 35

How does sea ice keep polar waters cold?

Answer 35

Sea ice reflects light

Question 36

Consequences of melting sea ice

Answer 36

Sea levels rising, climate change, disrupts global conveyer belt, harm to polar organisms

Question 37

Artificial Stabilization

Answer 37

Preventing naturally caused erosion

Question 38

Seawalls

Answer 38

Built parallel to beach to prevent erosion on beach front properties Effects; Worsens on beach erosion

Question 39

Groin

Answer 39

Walls built perpendicular to beach to trap sand Effects; Deprives nearby beaches of sand

Question 40

Beach Nourishment

Answer 40

Replenishing beach with sediment Effects; Expensive, temporary, harms marine habitat