Environmental Health and Toxicology Flashcards
Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes and increased urine aminolevulinic acid would be indicative of what toxicity?
a. Nitrate.
b. Mercury.
c. Arsenic.
d. Lead.
e. Thallium.
D
Which one of the following elements, used as a fungicide, may be toxic to swine and to humans eating pork from swine that have ingested the element?
a. Mercury.
b. Iron.
c. Copper.
d. Molybdenum.
e. Cobalt.
A
Legionnaire’s Disease is caused by a:
a. Virus.
b. Rickettsia.
c. Bacteria.
d. Fungus.
e. Preformed toxin.
C
Soil types and underlying geological structure recommended by EPA for feedlots are:
a. highly permeable loose soils.
b. shallow soils over fractured bedrock.
c. soils with shallow water tables.
d. heavy soils with low infiltration or seepage rates.
e. sandy loam.
D
Contamination of ground water from feedlots is hazardous because of the threat of:
a. nitrate poisoning.
b. algae poisoning.
c. enterotoxemia.
d. spreading tetanus.
e. mercurial poisoning.
A
Which of the following has proven to be most effective in the screwworm eradication program in the United States?
a. Treatment of all wounds.
b. Use of sterile female screwworm flies.
c. Spraying all available livestock.
d. Releasing sterile male screwworm flies.
e. Spraying all swamp lands with insecticides.
D
When potable water is discharged into any reservoir, air gaps are essential to:
a. provide additional oxygen.
b. prevent backsiphonage.
c. keep an open flow of water.
d. aid in collecting condensates.
e. maintain pressure.
B
The primary vector for transmitting St. Louis Encephalitis is:
a. Cochliomyia macellaria.
b. Culicoides vaviipennis.
c. Culex tarsalis.
d. Aedes solicitans.
e. Cochliomyia americana.
C
The most frequent carcinogenic effect of high levels of total body irradiation is:
a. thyroid carcinoma.
b. leukemia.
c. bone sarcoma.
d. skin carcinoma.
e. gum carcinoma.
B
Idiopathic methemoglobinemia may be caused from water containing high amounts of:
a. mercury.
b. arsenic.
c. lead.
d. nitrate-nitrite.
e. phosphates.
D
Triatoma vectors transmit Chagas’ disease by:
a. contaminating food supplies.
b. bite.
c. contamination of eye tissues.
d. fecal contamination of bite.
e. invasion through skin.
D
In a mosquito program, fogging will control:
a. adults and larvae.
b. only larvae.
c. eggs and adults and larvae.
d. adults only.
e. eggs only.
D
The Michigan problem associated with PBB in cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry has been attributed to:
a. an infectious agent.
b. contaminated feed.
c. aerosol pollutants.
d. impurities in drinking water.
e. improper waste disposal.
B
Seed oats treated with mercurial compounds on a farm:
a. may be mixed with 50% untreated grain and fed.
b. should be destroyed.
c. may be mixed with supplement and fed to hogs.
d. should be colored pink and sold as grain.
e. may be detoxified through the use of approved chemicals.
B
The most common antibiotic causing public health problems is:
a. streptomycin.
b. penicillin.
c. virginiamycin.
d. erythromycin.
e. bacitracin.
B
In lead poisoning in cattle, the highest concentrations of lead are most likely to be in the:
a. blood.
b. liver.
c. kidney.
d. brain.
e. gingivae.
C
In the design and operation of a plant utilizing radiation for the preservation of food, concern must be given to the protection of operators because the:
a. alpha radiation used represents a potential source of skin cancer.
b. intensity of the radiation source used is extremely high.
c. preserving agent, a radioactive powder, must be dusted on the food AND thus constitutes a potential internal hazard.
d. neutron source used makes shielding difficult.
e. food after irradiation is itself radioactive for awhile and must be handled carefully.
B
The color of blood observed in nitrate poisoning is:
a. bright red.
b. cherry red.
c. slight brown.
d. chocolate brown.
e. dark-unoxygenated.
D
Raw garbage should be boiled for minutes before being fed to swine.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 25
e. 30
E
The most common source of arsenic toxicity for cattle is:
a. water contamination.
b. herbicides.
c. feed.
d. aerosol.
e. over medication.
B
Bracken fern poisoning in the horse is characterized by:
a. motor irritability and severe icterus due to an unknown hepatoxic substance in the plant.
b. photosensitization resulting in the loss of hair and a sun-burned appearance of all unpigmented areas of the body.
c. incoordination due to a thiamine deficiency which is precipitated by an enzyme in the plant.
d. a highly fatal hemorrhagic syndrome with large subcutaneous hematomas, bleeding from the body orifices, and an elevated temperature.
e. a chronic syndrome with severe lameness and loss of the long hair of the mane and tail.
C
The successful use of urea in cattle feed requires the consideration of several factors:
a. quality of urea used, amount of carbohydrates present in the supplement, amount of natural protein present in the ration.
b. amount of cobalt and sulfur present in the ration, rate of consumption, quality of the urea used.
c. percentage of urea contained in the total dry ration, percentage contained in the mixed protein supplement.
d. fertility of the soil where the roughage was produced, concentration of other sources of nonprotein nitrogen in the ration, rate of supplementing the feed with urea.
e. quality of the roughage, energy content of the ration, amount of natural protein present, rate of consumption, addition of urea following a preparatory period.
E
PCB found in milk samples in dairy herds indicates:
a. a normal milk residue.
b. a need to embargo the milk.
c. a need to slaughter all animals.
d. a need to embargo the milk, determine the source of PCB, and test milk samples for compliance and tolerance levels.
e. Spring when cows go to pasture.
D
A public drinking water supply is disinfected effectively if:
a. B.O.D. is absent.
b. coliform organisms have been destroyed.
c. the pH of the water is between 6.8 and 7.4
d. a chlorine demand test is negative.
e. the water is free from color and taste.
B
The bacterial action in septic tanks has the effect of:
a. increasing the amount of solids to be handled.
b. improving the appearance of the effluent.
c. disposing of the sewage in a shorter period of time.
d. counteracting anaerobic bacterial action.
e. liquefying and gasifying some of the organic matter.
E
The purpose of a trap in the home plumbing is to:
a. ventilate the house drainage system.
b. prevent sewer gas from entering premises.
c. prevent the entry of rodents through the system.
d. eliminate backflow from the lines.
e. trap or hold solids that are too large to enter the system.
B
The major reason why a plan for discharging sewage into streams, rivers, lakes or other bodies of natural surface water should NOT be adopted is to:
a. prevent formation of sludge banks.
b. prevent increase of BOD.
c. eliminate offensive odors or gases.
d. prevent the pollution of drinking water supplies.
e. prevent the breeding of mosquitoes and insects.
D