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CPH > Environmental Health > Flashcards

Environmental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health

A

Environmental Health

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2
Q

Addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviors

A

Environmental Health

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3
Q

Assessment and control of environmental factors

A

Environmental Health

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4
Q

Targeted toward preventing the disease

A

Environmental Health

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5
Q

Creating health-supportive developments

A

Environmental Health

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6
Q

Focus on the natural and built environment for the benefit of human health

A

Environmental Health

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7
Q

primary goal of environmental health

A

Targeted toward preventing the disease

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8
Q

most common environmental concern

A

AIR POLLUTION

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9
Q

environmental concern that came from vehicles and large companies

A

AIR POLLUTION

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10
Q

environmental concern that damage the ozone layer

A

AIR POLLUTION

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11
Q

environmental concern that can cause allergies, or worse death

A

AIR POLLUTION

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12
Q

environmental concern that causes harm not only to humans but also animals and agriculture

A

AIR POLLUTION

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13
Q

major contributor in air pollution

A

human activity

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14
Q

Material in the air that can have adverse effects on human and the ecosystem

A

pollutants

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15
Q

Natural origin or man-made

A

pollutant

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16
Q

examples of pollutants

A

○ particulate matter
○ ground level ozone
○ carbon monoxide
○ nitrogen dioxide
○ sulfur dioxide
○ volatile organic eruptions

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17
Q

produced from a process

A

PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANT

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18
Q

Material in the air that can have adverse effects on human and the ecosystem

A

PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANT

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19
Q

PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANT EXAMPLES

A

○ volcanic ash
○ carbon monoxide
○ gas from vehicle exhaust
○ sulfur companies
dioxide from

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20
Q

derived from combustion of fuel

A

Carbon monoxide

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21
Q

from volcanic eruptions which forms secondary pollutants

A

Nitrogen dioxide

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22
Q

form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact, not emitted directly into air

A

secondary air pollutant

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23
Q

examples of secondary air pollutant

A
  • Ground level ozone
  • Nitrogen dioxide
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24
Q

leading pollutant and worst climate pollution

A

carbon dioxide

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25
Q

expelled from high temperature combustion and produced during thunderstorms

A

nitric oxide

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26
Q

when there is binding of carbon monoxide in hemoglobin or the decrease level of oxygen in the tissue

A

hypoxia

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27
Q

it is odorless and colorless yet toxic, can cause death when present in high concentrations, can bind to hemoglobin causes the delivery of oxygen to the tissues impossible, causes hypoxia

A

Carbon monoxide

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28
Q

methane or non-methane volatile compounds

A

volatile organic compounds (VOC)

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29
Q

atmospheric particulates and fine,
tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in gas

A

particulates

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30
Q

can cause cardiovascular
disease

A

Persistent free radicals

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31
Q

harmful to ozone layer, gas released by refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosol sprays

A

Chlorofluorocarbons

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32
Q

emitted from agricultural processes and have a pungent odor

A

ammonia

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33
Q

from garbage sewage and industrial processes

A

odor

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34
Q

produced during nuclear explosion and from war explosives

A

Radioactive pollutants

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35
Q

examples of ANTHROPOGENIC (MAN-MADE) SOURCES

A
  • Stationary sources
  • Mobile sources
  • Fumes
  • Controlled burn practices
  • Military resources
  • Fertilized farmland (chemical fertilizer that is a major source of nitrogen oxide)
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36
Q

example of natural sources

A

● dust
● methane
● radon gas
● smoke and carbon dioxide
● vegetations
● volcanic activity

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37
Q

overall health effects of pollution

A
  • Aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness
  • Added stress to heart and lungs
  • Damaged cells in the respiratory
  • Long term exposure to polluted air can have
    permanent health effects
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38
Q

LONG TERM EXPOSURE TO POLLUTED PERMANENT HEALTH EFFECTS

A

● accelerated aging of the lungs
● loss of lung capacity and
decreased lung function
● development of diseases
● shortened life span

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39
Q

types of people who are high risk against pollution

A

● individual with heart disease
● individual with lung disease
● pregnant women
● outdoor workers
● older adults and elderly
● children under 14
● athletes who exercise vigorously
outdoors

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40
Q

types of people who are high risk against pollution

A

● individual with heart disease
● individual with lung disease
● pregnant women
● outdoor workers
● older adults and elderly
● children under 14
● athletes who exercise vigorously outdoors

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41
Q

often caused by the discharge of inadequately treated wastewater into natural bodies of water

A

water pollution

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42
Q

pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans

A

SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

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43
Q

directly discharging sewage and industrial waste into the ocean

A

MARINE POLLUTION

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44
Q

can poison marine animals

A

MARINE POLLUTION

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45
Q

focus on soil characteristics and site ecology

A

GROUNDWATER POLLUTION

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46
Q

contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source

A

Point Sources water pollution

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47
Q

Pollutants are present on the surface of water bodies

A

SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

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48
Q

Pollutants are present on the surface of water bodies

A

SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

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49
Q

Common in large fields and farm

A

Groundwater Pollution

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50
Q

Refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source

A

Non-point Sources

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51
Q

Also known as sewage

A

Municipal wastewater treatment

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52
Q

Typically treated by CENTRALIZED sewage treatment plans

A

Municipal wastewater treatment

53
Q

Individual septic tanks

A

On-site sanitation and safely managed sanitation

54
Q

Pre-treats the waste water onsite and infiltrates it into the soil

A

Individual septic tanks

55
Q

Can lead to groundwater pollution if not properly done

A

On-site sanitation and safely managed sanitation

56
Q

Sewage treatment plants

A

Industrial wastewater treatment

57
Q

Pre-treatment system to remove the
pollutants

A

Industrial wastewater treatment

58
Q

Erosion control

A

Non-point source controls

59
Q

ensure that the flow of water will not harm the crop and prevent the diffused kind of soil

A

Contour plowing

60
Q

covering the soil where only the crop is seen and create a more favorable environment for plant growth and development

A

Crop mulching

61
Q

planting different plants to improve soil health and optimize nutrients in the soil and combat pest

A

Crop rotation

62
Q

completes their cycles in more than two planting season, not seasonal

A

Planting perennial crops

63
Q

done to avoid damaging of crops and soil during typhoon

A

Installing riparian buffers

64
Q

Such as discharges from the treatment of urban wastewater, industry and fish farms are defined as stationary locations or fixed facilities from which pollutants are discharged

A

Point source wastewater treatment

65
Q

Also known as waste disposal

A

waste management

66
Q

activities and actions that require to manage waste from its inception
to its final disposal

A

waste management

67
Q

Commonly known as trash or garbage

A

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

68
Q

in the US municipal solid waste is called what

A

refuse

69
Q

in Britain municipal solid waste is called what

A

rubbish

70
Q

any waste that is capable of undergoing
anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as food and garden waste, and paper and cardboard

A

biodegradable waste

71
Q

material that has been recovered or
diverted from the non- hazardous solid waste stream for purpose of reuse, recycling or reclamation and a substantial portion of which is consistently used in the manufacture of products and otherwise be produced using raw materials

A

recyclable materials

72
Q

materials which cannot be degraded in
nature and include a wide range of polymeric wastes such as plastic bottles, bags, ceramics, cans, styrofoam, old machines, and containers

A

inert waste

73
Q

electronic products nearing the end of their
useful life

A

electrical and electronic waste

74
Q

heterogeneous mix of trash composed of
different types of materials

A

composite waste

75
Q

any substance or material that can have
harmful effects on the health of people and
the environment

A

hazardous waste

76
Q

chemical waste material capable of causing
death or injury to life. It is poisonous, radioactive, explosive, carcinogenic (causing cancer), mutagenic (causing damage to chromosomes), teratogenic (causing birth defects), or bioaccumulative (that is, increasing in concentration at the higher ends of food chains)

A

toxic waste

77
Q

any waste which is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment, or vaccination of human beings or animals or in research or in the use of biological or in health camps

A

biomedical waste

78
Q

Aim is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum
amount of waste

A

WASTE HIERARCHY

79
Q

Is the reduction of the environmental impact from the production and consumption of goods

A

RESOURCE EFFICIENCY

80
Q

Is a principle where the polluting party pays for the impact cause to the environment

A

POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE

81
Q

throwing garbage in the landfills

A

landfill

82
Q

apply high temperature to pathogens; high-
temperature burning (rapid oxidation) of a
waste

A

incineration

83
Q

apply high temperature to pathogens; high-
temperature burning (rapid oxidation) of a
waste

A

recycling

84
Q

conversion of non-recyclable waste materials into usable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes, including combustion, gasification, pyrolization, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery

A

energy recovery

85
Q

heating of an organic material in the
absence of oxygen

A

pyrolysis

86
Q

the process of recovering materials or
energy from solid waste for reuse

A

resource recovery

87
Q

Is any kind of waste that contains infectious material

A

medical waste

88
Q

Refers to all wastes suspected to
contain PATHOGENS or TOXINS in
sufficient concentration that may
cause disease to a SUSCEPTIBLE

A

infectious Waste

89
Q

Includes discarded materials or equipment used for diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with infectious disease

A

infectious Waste

90
Q

Refers to tissue sections and body
fluids or organs derived from biopsies or surgical procedures sent to the laboratory for examination

A

Pathological and Anatomical Waste

91
Q

is a subgroup of pathological waste that refers to recognizable body parts usually from amputation procedure

A

Anatomical waste

92
Q

Refers to discarded chemicals (solid,
liquid, or gaseous) generated during DISINFECTION and STERILIZATION procedures

A

Chemical Waste

93
Q

Wastes with high content of heavy metals and their derivatives

A

Chemical Waste

94
Q

includes the description, instruction of how to use and classification of the chemical

A

SDS or Safety Data Sheets

95
Q

Refers to expired, spilt and contaminated pharmaceutical products, drugs, and vaccines including discarded items used in handling pharmaceuticals

A

Pharmaceutical Waste

96
Q

Includes antineoplastic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic wastes such as drugs used in oncology or radiotherapy and biological fluids from patients treated with the said drugs

A

Pharmaceutical Waste

97
Q

Refers to wastes exposed to radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic materials or radiotherapeutic materials

A

Radioactive Waste

98
Q

Residues from shipment of radioactive materials and unwanted solutions of radionuclides intended for diagnostic or therapeutic

A

Radioactive Waste

99
Q

This is highly hazardous form of medical waste

A

Genotoxic Waste

100
Q

types of Genotoxic Waste

A
  • Carcinogenic
  • Teratogenic
  • Mutagenic
101
Q

It can include cytotoxic drugs intended for use in cancer treatment

A

Genotoxic Waste

102
Q

Non-hazardous waste

A

General Non-Regulated Medical Waste

103
Q

This type doesn’t pose any particular chemical, biological, physical or radioactive danger

A

General Non-Regulated Medical Waste

104
Q

Waste are subjected to combustion so as to
convert them into residue and gaseous
products

A

Incineration

105
Q

Most common way back

A

Incineration

106
Q

Before 1997 waste are disposed through this

A

Incineration

107
Q

Used on pathological waste

A

Incineration

108
Q

Use of steam sterilization to render waste
harmless and is an efficient wet thermal disinfection process

A

Autoclave

109
Q

Steam under pressure

A

Autoclave

110
Q

Use biological indicators

A

Autoclave

111
Q

Use in sterilizing glasswares and
laboratory apparatus

A

Autoclave

112
Q

color-changing tape are used

A

Autoclave

113
Q

usual setting in Autoclave

A

121 degrees Celcius with a pressure of 15 psi
for 15 to 30 minutes

114
Q

Technology that typically incorporates some type of size reduction device

A

Microwave

115
Q

Waste is exposed to microwaves with high temperature of 100 degrees Celcius for at least 30 minutes

A

Microwave

116
Q

Destroys waste by moist heat and denature structural proteins

A

Microwave

117
Q

Chemicals like sodium hypochlorite,
hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, and heated alkali are added to health care wastes to kill or inactivate present pathogens

A

Chemical Disinfection

118
Q

May generate chemical waste

A

Chemical Disinfection

119
Q

recommended concentration for chemical disinfection

A

5% sodium hypochlorite

120
Q

Uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate
health care wastes

A

Biological Process

121
Q

The resulting by-product is put through an
extruder to remove water for wastewater
disposal

A

Biological Process

122
Q

Used for large application

A

Biological Process

123
Q

Used for large application

A

Biological Process

124
Q

color of lines that form after successful sterilization in using autoclave

A

black

125
Q

color of lines that form after successful sterilization in using autoclave

A

black

126
Q

chemicals with health and environmental hazards

A

toxic

127
Q

chemicals with an acid of pH 12.0

A

corrosive

128
Q

chemicals with flash point below 60 degrees Celsius

A

flammable

129
Q

chemicals that us explosive in water

A

reactive

CPH (10 decks)

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