Environmental disease and Advers Reactions

Question 1

Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Breast, testicular, ovarian, and cervical caner are all types of what?

Answer 1

First cancers commonly studied for second cancer development

Question 2

Secon cancers frequently associated with radiotherapy

Answer 2

Leukemia, Thyroid, Breast

Question 3

Second cancers associated with Chemotherapy

Answer 3

Leukemia (especially myelogenous leukemia)

Question 4

Outdoor air pollutant health effects examples

Answer 4

asthma, myocardial infarction, lung cancer, headache

Question 5

Outdoor air pollutants

Answer 5

PM10, PM2.5, O3, SO2, NO2

Question 6

Indoor air pollutants

Answer 6

asbestos, carbonmonoxide, Radon

Question 7

Localized fibrous plaques are the main sign of what?

Answer 7

Asbestos exposure (often focally calcified)

Question 8

Cancer most associated with asbestos exposure?

Answer 8

Mesothelioma (pleural and peritoneal)

Question 9

What are the two forms of asbestos fibers?

Answer 9

Chrysotile (Curly and flexible) and Amphibole (straight, stiff,)

Question 10

True or false: Chrysotile asbestos fibers are more pathogenic.

Answer 10

False: Amphibole are more pathogenic. Delivered deeper into lunges. longer and thinner fibers are most pathogenic

Question 11

Cigarette smoking increases cancer rates in those exposed to asbestos, true or false

Answer 11

true

Question 12

The most common sign of asbestos exposure is?A. diffuse pleural fibrosis B. Diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis C. localized pleural fibrous plaques D. Lung cancer E. mesothelioma

Answer 12

C?

Question 13

What is an indoor air pollutant that binds to hemoglobin, limits the oxygen carried in blood, and is associated with car exhaust and natural disasters

Answer 13

Carbon monoxide. resembles signs of ‘a good night out’ including collapsing, loss of consciousness, dizziness, nausea, headaches.

Question 14

Name 5 health effects of CO

Answer 14

hypoxic injury to brain, liver heart, and renal tubes. cognitive decline, gait and motor, peri neuropathy, hearing loss, dementia.

Question 15

CO injury to the brain includes bilateral necrosis of globus pallidus, purkinje cells, and hippocampus. true or false

Answer 15

true

Question 16

True or false: radon is a gas you can’t see, smell, or hear and causes direct damage to lungs including cancer.

Answer 16

False, Radon decays to Polonium 218 and polonium 214 which provide Alpha particles that cause free radicals and DS breaks.

Question 17

name the major categories of pesticides

Answer 17

insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, fumigants

Question 18

How do pesticides cause neurotoxicity?

Answer 18

Most commonly insecticides that block cholinesterase inhibition with organophosphates and carbamates.

Question 19

What type of radiation causes damage and name 3 examples

Answer 19

ionizing: UV, X-ray, Gamma. 48% of exposure comes from medical sources.

Question 20

Cellular sensitivity is directly proportional to mitotic activity and degree of differentiation. true or false

Answer 20

false: inversely proportional to degree of differentiation.

Question 21

put these in order of most to least sensitive to radiation. angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, seminoma, squaumous cell, leukemia

Answer 21

leukemia=seminoma, squamous, angio, leiomyo

Question 22

cellular morphologic effects of ionizing radiation

Answer 22

Nucleus swelling and vacuolization, defects in nuclear membrane. Cytoplasm swelling and vacuolization. Vascular: dilation, swelling, vessel wall hemorrhage. Physical: swelling and ulceration

Question 23

chronic morphologic cellular effects

Answer 23

fibrosis, atrophy, vessel wall thickening, neoplasia

Question 24

3 types of damage from atomic bombs

Answer 24

Burns (instant vaporization in some cases), Mechanical, radiation.

Question 25

put these in chronological order of effects from whole body radiation. Pricipal phase of illness, Asymptomatic latent period, transient prodromal phase.

Answer 25

3, 2, 1. prodromal, latentcy, illness.

Question 26

following 300 rads of gamma radiation, what is first indication of radiation sickness? Bleeding gums, skin burns, confusion, jaundice, nausea and vomiting

Answer 26

nausea and vomiting?