Environmental disease and Advers Reactions Flashcards
Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Breast, testicular, ovarian, and cervical caner are all types of what?
First cancers commonly studied for second cancer development
Secon cancers frequently associated with radiotherapy
Leukemia, Thyroid, Breast
Second cancers associated with Chemotherapy
Leukemia (especially myelogenous leukemia)
Outdoor air pollutant health effects examples
asthma, myocardial infarction, lung cancer, headache
Outdoor air pollutants
PM10, PM2.5, O3, SO2, NO2
Indoor air pollutants
asbestos, carbonmonoxide, Radon
Localized fibrous plaques are the main sign of what?
Asbestos exposure (often focally calcified)
Cancer most associated with asbestos exposure?
Mesothelioma (pleural and peritoneal)
What are the two forms of asbestos fibers?
Chrysotile (Curly and flexible) and Amphibole (straight, stiff,)
True or false: Chrysotile asbestos fibers are more pathogenic.
False: Amphibole are more pathogenic. Delivered deeper into lunges. longer and thinner fibers are most pathogenic
Cigarette smoking increases cancer rates in those exposed to asbestos, true or false
true
The most common sign of asbestos exposure is?A. diffuse pleural fibrosis B. Diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis C. localized pleural fibrous plaques D. Lung cancer E. mesothelioma
C?
What is an indoor air pollutant that binds to hemoglobin, limits the oxygen carried in blood, and is associated with car exhaust and natural disasters
Carbon monoxide. resembles signs of ‘a good night out’ including collapsing, loss of consciousness, dizziness, nausea, headaches.
Name 5 health effects of CO
hypoxic injury to brain, liver heart, and renal tubes. cognitive decline, gait and motor, peri neuropathy, hearing loss, dementia.
CO injury to the brain includes bilateral necrosis of globus pallidus, purkinje cells, and hippocampus. true or false
true
True or false: radon is a gas you can’t see, smell, or hear and causes direct damage to lungs including cancer.
False, Radon decays to Polonium 218 and polonium 214 which provide Alpha particles that cause free radicals and DS breaks.
name the major categories of pesticides
insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, fumigants
How do pesticides cause neurotoxicity?
Most commonly insecticides that block cholinesterase inhibition with organophosphates and carbamates.
What type of radiation causes damage and name 3 examples
ionizing: UV, X-ray, Gamma. 48% of exposure comes from medical sources.
Cellular sensitivity is directly proportional to mitotic activity and degree of differentiation. true or false
false: inversely proportional to degree of differentiation.
put these in order of most to least sensitive to radiation. angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, seminoma, squaumous cell, leukemia
leukemia=seminoma, squamous, angio, leiomyo
cellular morphologic effects of ionizing radiation
Nucleus swelling and vacuolization, defects in nuclear membrane. Cytoplasm swelling and vacuolization. Vascular: dilation, swelling, vessel wall hemorrhage. Physical: swelling and ulceration
chronic morphologic cellular effects
fibrosis, atrophy, vessel wall thickening, neoplasia
3 types of damage from atomic bombs
Burns (instant vaporization in some cases), Mechanical, radiation.
put these in chronological order of effects from whole body radiation. Pricipal phase of illness, Asymptomatic latent period, transient prodromal phase.
3, 2, 1. prodromal, latentcy, illness.
following 300 rads of gamma radiation, what is first indication of radiation sickness? Bleeding gums, skin burns, confusion, jaundice, nausea and vomiting
nausea and vomiting?
