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MOHD 3 Exam 2 > autonomic pharm > Flashcards

autonomic pharm Flashcards

1
Q

major metabolite of nicotine

A

cotinine

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2
Q

Varenicline

A

partial agonist of neural nicotinic receptor; used to block nicotine dependence

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3
Q

mivacurium, pancuronium, and vecuronium belong to what group of antagonists?

A

nicotinic receptor antagonists. used as neuromuscular blockers

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4
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A

enzymatically degrades acetylcholine at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

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5
Q

why are nerve gas, pesticieds, and malathione toxic

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

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6
Q

Neostigmine

A

reverse neuromuscular blockers (vecuronium, pancuronium) and treats myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

treatment of myasthenia gravis (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

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8
Q

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmin have what effect

A

Alzheimer’s disease; AChE inhibitors

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9
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

A

prevents irreversible binding to AChE

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10
Q

important muscarinic agonist

A

Bethanechol - treatment of urinary retention

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11
Q

Treatment of glaucoma

A

Constrict pupils using muscarinic agonists (bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine)

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12
Q

prototype muscarinic antagonist

A

Atropine (belladonna) tertiary amine that reaches CNS

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13
Q

Common drug with muscarinic antagonist properties

A

diphenhydramine

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14
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist - dry, red, hot, blind, mad - treats severe bradycardia, AChE poisoning

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15
Q

Scopolamine

A

Treats motion sickness - muscarinic antagonist

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16
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Dry secretions - Muscarinic antagonist

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17
Q

Benztropine

A

treat parkinsonism - muscarinic antagonist

18
Q

which muscarinic antagonist crosses the BBB?

A

Atropine

19
Q

Which muscarinic antagonist treasts motion sickness?

A

scopolamine

20
Q

Tropicamide

A

Opthamology eye dilator - muscarinic antagonist

21
Q

Ipratropium and tiotropium

A

Treat asthma and COPD

22
Q

what is a muscarinic antagonist that dilates the eye?

A

Tropicamide - Atropine does but not always used

23
Q

Muscarinic antagonists that treat bladder spasms and urinary incontinence

A

Tolerodine, solifenacin

24
Q

Antimuscarinic placed in inhalers with albuterol

A

Ipratropium

25
Q

antimuscarinic used to treat COPD that is in special inhilaiton devices as capsules

A

tiotropium

26
Q

what does tolterodine, oxybutynin and solifenacin have in common?

A

all used to treat incontinence and overactive bladder.

27
Q

Common drugs with antimuscarinic properties

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and amitriptyline (antidepressants)

28
Q

why are antimuscarinic agents life threatening and how do you treat it?

A

Cardiac effects, AChE inhibitors

29
Q

alpha1 adrenergic receptor

A

IP3, DAG, Ca2+ increase. smooth muscle contraction (vessels)

30
Q

Alpha2 adrenergic receptor

A

inhibit adenylyl cyclase. decrease calcium and less norepinephrine release

31
Q

B1 2 and 3 adrenergic receptor properties

A

all activate adenylyl cyclase and cAMP.

32
Q

B1 receptor (adrenergic)

A

expressed in the heart

33
Q

B2 adrenergic receptor

A

dilate smooth muscle. vasodilation, bronchodilation, uterine relaxation

34
Q

B3

A

lipolysis of adipose and relaxation of bladder

35
Q

alpha 1 adrenergic receptor activation causes….

A

mydriasis, vasoconstriction, bladder sphincter constriction and trigone, contraction of prostate smooth muscle.

36
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha 1 adrenergic receptor agonist. treats nasal congestion, raise blood pressure in acute settings.

37
Q

alpha 2 agonist. used to treat hypertension by reducing norepinephrine release. Causes rebound hypertension

A

Clonidine

38
Q

specific alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. used to treat hypertension

A

Prazosin

39
Q

specific alpha1 antagonis used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

Terazosin

40
Q

alpha adrenergic NONSPECIFIC antagonists

A

Phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine. used in treatmen of pheochromocytoma.

MOHD 3 Exam 2 (7 decks)

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