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musculo > environmental assessment and modification > Flashcards

environmental assessment and modification Flashcards

1
Q

what is a job anaylsis?

A

the specific components of the work task and the features of the environment in which they mist be completed

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2
Q

what does the prefix ergon mean?

A

work

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3
Q

what does nomoi mean?

A

natural laws

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4
Q

what do ergonomist study?

A

human capabilities in relationship to work demands

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5
Q

when do work related musculoskeletal disorder result?

A

when there is a mismatch between the physical capability of workers and the demands of the job

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6
Q

what would be the gold standard or best posture computer work stations for a chair?

A

seat and backrest should support a comfortable posture
lumbar support
seatpan cushioned with a “waterfall” edge
adjustable armrests should support both forearms during tasks without impeding movements
entire sole of foot should rest on floor
back of knee slightly higher than seat of chair

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7
Q

what would be ideal for computer work stations in regards to monitor and document?

A

keep monitor directly in front of user
topmost line of screen should not be higher than user’s eyes
viewing distance is 18-24”
table depth 30” to accommodate monitor
screen and document holder close together
mouse and keyboard should be close together

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8
Q

what would be ideal for computer work stations in regards to keyboard and mouse?

A

elbows at side
forearms parallel to floor
wrists in neutral (not flexed or extended)
should not have to reach forward to access mouse

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9
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the head

A

Head: level, facing forward, in line with trunk

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10
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the head

A

Head: level, facing forward, in line with trunk

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11
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the shoulders

A

shoulders: relaxed arms at side

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12
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the elbows

A

Elbows: remain close to trunk, bent 90-120 degrees

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13
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the forearm

A

Forearms, wrists, hands: parallel to the floor, straight

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14
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the trunk

A

Trunk: maintain, normal curves of the spine with appropriate lumber support, shoulders and pelvis are level

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15
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the hips, thighs

A

Hips, thighs: well supported with contoured seat, parallel to the floor

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16
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the knees

A

Knees: maintain a level position with a 90 degree angle of flexion, knees generally at the same height as the hips

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17
Q

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the feet

A

Feet: place flat on floor or supported in a slight incline

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18
Q

what is accessibility?

A

the degree to which an environment affords use of its resources with respect to and individual’s level of function

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19
Q

what are elements of PT practice?

A

examination
evaluation
diagnosis
prognosis
intervention
outcome

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20
Q

what are some environments to consider?

A

home, work/school, community

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21
Q

what is the intent of universal design?

A

to simplify life for everyone by making products, communications, and the built environment more usable by as many people as possible to little or no extra cost

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22
Q

what are the universal design principles?

A

equitable use
flexibility in use
simple and intuitive use
perceptible information
tolerance for error
low physical effort
size and space for approach and use

23
Q

what are the universal design principles?

A

equitable use
flexibility in use
simple and intuitive use
perceptible information
tolerance for error
low physical effort
size and space for approach and use

24
Q

what did the Americans with disabilities act of 1990 do?

A

guarantees civil rights to individuals with disabilities
designed to provide clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination
title 3 provides for “full and equal enjoyment of goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages or accommodations of any place of public accommodation”
excluded are private clubs and places of worship
new buildings must comply as of 1993
existing structures to make reasonable accommodations

25
Q

for the ADA what does title 1 effect?

A

employment

26
Q

for the ADA what does title 2 effect?

A

public services

27
Q

for the ADA what does title 3 effect?

A

public accommodations

28
Q

for the ADA what does title 4 effect?

A

telecommunications

29
Q

for the ADA what does title 5 effect?

A

miscellaneous

30
Q

what did the architectural barriers act 1968 do?

A

created national commission on architectural barriers- no enforcement power

31
Q

what did the rehabilitation act of 1973 do?

A

created compliance board to enforce architectural barriers act

32
Q

what did the fair housing act 1988 do?

A

applies accessibility guidelines to residential buildings

33
Q

what did the IDEA do?

A

free and appropriate education for all children

34
Q

what are environmental modifications we can make?

A

assistive devices or adaptive equipment
safety devices
structural alterations
modification or altered location of environmental objects
task modification

35
Q

what do we consider for home assessment for route of entry/arrival?

A

choose most accessible entrance
driveway/sidewalks- smooth and level surfaces, adequate lighting

36
Q

what do we consider for home assessment for stairs?

A

all steps should have uniform riser heights and uniform tread
risers should be a maximum of 7 inches in height
stairs treads should be no less than 11 inches
open risers are not permitted on accessible routes
risers should be sloped or the underside of the nosing should have an angle not less than 60 degrees from the horizontal
nosing should project no more than 1.5 inches
non skid surface

37
Q

what do we consider for home assessment for handrails for stairs?

A

continuous along both sides of stairs- if not then must extend 12 inches beyond the top riser and at least 12 inches plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom riser
space between handrail and wall 1.5”
diameter of gripping surface of handrail 1.25”-1.5”
mounted 30-34” above floor surface

38
Q

what do we consider for home assessment for ramps?

A

slope- 1 inch rise requires 12 inches of run
landings- for every 30 inches of rise, level 36-42” long landing
width of ramp- at least 36”
small curb/lip (2 inches ) along sides of ramp
surface texture to minimize slipping

39
Q

what do we consider for home assessment for handrails for ramps?

A

if ramp has greater than 6” then must have railings on both sides
should not be continuous throughout
space between handrail and wall 1.5”
top of handrail should be mounted 30-34” above ramp surfaces

40
Q

what are some mechanical lifts for route of entry?

A

vertical platform lifts
stairway inclined lifts
elevator

41
Q

what should the platform be for entry?

A

5’ by 5’ and clear area at the door at same elevation as entry floor level

42
Q

what should doors be for entry?

A

a minimum of 32” with the door opened to 90º

43
Q

summarize how doors should be for entry

A

doorways should be a minimum of 32” with the door opened to 90º
thresholds at should not exceed: .75” for residential doors, .5” for all other types doors
maximum force for pushing or pulling: exterior hinged doors: 8.5 lbf, interior hinged doors: 5lbf
sliding/folding doors: 5 lbf
may consider kick plate

44
Q

for door handles what is preferred?

A

lever or paddle preferred

45
Q

for interior accessibility what in the minimum for hallways?

A

minimum clear width for single wheelchair passage shall be 36” with 32” at any door frame
minimum clear width for 2 wheelchairs is 60”
turning space required for a wheelchair to make a 180º turn is a clear space of 60”

46
Q

what is the turning radius for a wheelchair?

A

5’

47
Q

for interior accessibility what should be considered for floors?

A

Ground and floor surfaces along accessible routes shouldbe stable, firm and slip resistant
Changes in level > .5” require an edge treatment (bevelededge)
all rugs and tile should be securely attached to floor
maximum carpet pile .5”

48
Q

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bed?

A

Stationary with ample space for transfers
Appropriate height for transfers
Bedside table* Lamp, phone, medications…
Closet
Portable commode, urinal, bedpan

49
Q

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathrooms?

A

transfer to chair with casters
elevated toilet seat
grab bars
tub transfer bench
non-skid bathmat
hand held shower

50
Q

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathroom grab bars at toilets?

A

toilet- mounted 33- 36” from floor
42-54” along side toilet
24-36” on back wall behind toilet

51
Q

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathroom grab bars at tubs?

A

Tub- mounted 33-36” from tubfloor
48” along side of tub
24” along foot end of tub
12” on head end of tub

52
Q

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathroom heights?

A

Toilet Seat height 17-19” from floor
Sink height Not less than 29 inches high
Other: Not greater than 40increase from bottom of mirror or paper dispenser/hand dryer

53
Q

what is the necessary for wheelchair clearance for under the sink?

A

17”

54
Q

what needs to be considered for community accessibility for parking?

A

spaces min of 96”
adjacent access aisle of 60”
clearly marked as reserved parking area

musculo (19 decks)

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