Environmental and Occupational Influences on Health

Question 1

What is a hazard?

Answer 1

Something with the potential to cause harm

Question 2

What is risk?

Answer 2

The likelihood of harm occurring

Question 3

What is a risk factor?

Answer 3

Something that increases the risk of harm

Question 4

What is a protective factor?

Answer 4

Something that decreases the risk of harm

Question 5

What is the effect of susceptibility?

Answer 5

Influences the likelihood that something will cause harm

Question 6

What are the 5 basic categories of hazards?

Answer 6

Physical
Chemical
Mechanical
Biological
Psychosocial

Question 7

What are 5 possible routes of exposure?

Answer 7

Skin
Blood
Sexual contact
Inhalation
Ingestion

Question 8

What are the three factors that influence the degree of risk?

Answer 8

How much a person is exposed
How the person is exposed
Conditions of exposure

Question 9

What are the three factors that influence risk perception?

Answer 9

Feeling in control
The size of the possible harm
Familiarity with the risk

Question 10

Give some examples of individual variables in risk perception

Answer 10

Previous experience
Attitudes towards risk
Values
Beliefs
Socioeconomic factors
Personality
Demographic factors

Question 11

Give some examples of indirect environmental effects

Answer 11

Housing e.g. overcrowding
Transport e.g. does it encourage walking car / use
Town planning e.g. access to amenities, social networks
Income / welfare / wealth distribution

Question 12

Give some examples of hazardous exposure related to diet

Answer 12

Fat
Salt
Pesticides
Acrylamide
Phthalates 
Bacteria

Question 13

Give some examples of hazardous exposure related to inhalation

Answer 13

Environmental tobacco smoke
Asbestos
Legionella
Pesticides
Smog

Question 14

Give some examples of hazardous exposure related to skin

Answer 14

UV-A / UV-B
Cosmetics
Bacteria