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Public Health > Environmental and Occupational Health > Flashcards

Environmental and Occupational Health Flashcards

1
Q

What addresses all physical, chemical, biological factors external to a person, and all related factors impacting behaviors?

A

Environmental health

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2
Q

What 2 environments does environmental health focus on the potential health impacts?

A
  1. Natural environment (outdoor)

2. Artificial environment (indoor)

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3
Q

What is an example of a outdoor environmental health?

A

Outdoor air quality

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4
Q

What is an example of an artificial environment?

A

Asbestos

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5
Q

What is one other thing that environmental health focus on?

A

Identification and control/prevention of environmental factors that can potentially affect health

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6
Q

What are 3 questions to ask from an environmental health standpoint?

A
  1. What could be causing his symptoms
  2. Where did he likely come into contact with the contaminant: Can help avoid exposure in the future
  3. Is anyone else at risk: Avoid symptoms/disease in a similar at risk population or person
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7
Q

What is found in old paint, soil, and various products?

A

Inorganic lead

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8
Q

What contributed to ambient inorganic lead contamination?

A

Leaded gasoline exhaust

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9
Q

What contained organic lead that was stopped in 1976 in the US?

A

Leaded gasoline

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10
Q

Where is organic lead exposure now limited to?

A

Occpation

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11
Q

True or False: Organic lead is more toxic than inorganic lead

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What is a major source of lead exposure to children in the US?

A

Lead-contaminated household dust

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13
Q

What % of all homes built before 1978 have lead-based paint?

A

83-86%

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14
Q

What are 5 sources of distribution of lead in the environment?

A
  1. Lead paint that remains in older buildings (#1)
  2. Found around workplaces that involve lead: Automobile workers/repairs
  3. Contaminate water, food, beverages
  4. Still found in some commercial products
  5. Some imported home remedies/cosmetics
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15
Q

What are some specific areas of environmental health?

A
  1. Air quality
  2. Water quality
  3. Toxic chemical exposure
  4. Waste management
  5. Noise pollution
  6. Vector control
    * Areas of environmental health concern are broad
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16
Q

Outdoor/Indoor and Tobacco Smoke?

A

Air quality

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17
Q

Agriculture, transportation, processing, distribution?

A

Food safety

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18
Q

Recreational water illness prevention (swimming pools) and safe drinking water?

A

Water safety

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19
Q

Exposure to ionizing radiation like X-rays and radioactive isotopes?

A

Radiological health

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20
Q

What are 3 aspects of waste management?

A
  1. Solid Waste Management
  2. Wastewater Treatment Plants
  3. Hazardous Materials Management
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21
Q

What are examples of solid waste management?

A
  1. Landfills
  2. Recycling Facilities
  3. Composting
22
Q

What constitutes

  1. Liquid waste disposal
  2. Contaminated site remediation
  3. Medical waste management and disposal
A

Hazardous materials management

23
Q

What are sites of toxic chemical exposure?

A

Consumer products, housing, workplaces, air, water, soil

24
Q

What can case cancer in high doses?

A

Ionizing Radiation

25
Q

What are 3 types of ionizing radiation?

A
  1. Alpha radiation
  2. Beta particle
  3. Gamma ray
26
Q

What is large and contains 2 neutrons and 2 protons and is blocked by paper?

A

Alpha radiation

27
Q

How is alpha radiation hazardous to humans?

A

If it is ingested (little hazard otherwise)

28
Q

What consists of an energetic electron and can be stopped by metal?

A

A beta particle

29
Q

What are gamma rays made of and how can they be stopped?

A
  • They can be made of photons

- They are more penetrating and can be stopped by a thick layer of lead

30
Q

What protects safety, health, and welfare of people engaged in work or employment?

A

Occupational health and safety

31
Q

What is the goal of all occupational health and safety programs?

A

To create safe work environments

-May also protect co-workers, family members, employers, and customers

32
Q

What identifies and controls risks in workplace including physical, chemical, biological, and other workplace hazards?

A

Occupational health studies: Hazards are identified and risk is assessed

33
Q

What did the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 create?

A

The Occupational Safety and Heath Administration (OSHA)

34
Q

What is OHSA a part of?

A

US Department of Labor

35
Q

Whose role is to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance?

A

OSHA

36
Q

What represents more than 4,500 physicians and other health care professionals that promotes worker health through preventative medicine, clinical care, research, and education?

A

The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

37
Q

What does the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine publish?

A

The Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine

38
Q

What are 3 components of risk assessment?

A
  1. Hazards
  2. Risks
  3. Outcomes
39
Q

What is something that can cause harm if not controlled?

A

Hazard

40
Q

What is harm that results from uncontrolled hazard?

A

Outcome

41
Q

What is a risk?

A

The probability that outcome will occur and severity of harm involved

42
Q

What is involved in hazard assessment?

A

Individual workplace hazards identified, assessed, and controlled/eliminated as close to source (location of hazard) as possible

43
Q

What includes:

  1. Identification of hazards
  2. Identification of affected workers
  3. Evaluation of the risk
  4. Identification of control measures
  5. Can be quantitative (by assigning #) or qualitative (description)
A

Risk assessment

44
Q

What are 4 types of workplace hazards?

A
  1. Physical hazards
  2. Biological hazards
  3. Chemical hazards
  4. Psychosocial issues
45
Q

Noise/vibration, Ionizing radiation, Electricity, Asphyxiation, Cold/head stress, Mechanical hazards (collisions, falls, equipment-related injury)?

A

Physical hazards

46
Q

What are 2 examples of biological hazards?

A
  1. Blood-borne pathogens

2. Air-borne pathogens

47
Q

Acids/bases, Heavy metals, Solvents, Asbestos, Fumes?

A

Chemical hazards

48
Q

What are 3 types of psychosocial issues?

A
  1. Work-related stress
  2. Bullying
  3. Sexual harassment
49
Q

What is a form that contains important information for a substance?

A

MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet

50
Q

What should a MSDS include?

A

-Instructions for safe use and potential hazards
(Melting point, boiling point, flash point, toxicity, health effects, first aid, storage, disposal, spill-handing procedures)

51
Q

What must be made available in workplace for all hazardous chemicals being used?

A

MSDS

Public Health (9 decks)

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