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PBD II Exam 1 > Environmental and Nutritional Diseases II > Flashcards

Environmental and Nutritional Diseases II Flashcards

1
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

carbon tetrachloride

-from dry cleaning

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2
Q

angiosarcomas of liver

A

vinyl chloride

-plastic manufacturing

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3
Q

phthalates

A

affect young children

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4
Q

polycyclic hydrocarbons

A

among most potent carcinogens

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5
Q

DDT

A

organochloride

  • endocrine disruptors
  • helpful in killing mosquitos with malaria
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6
Q

benzene exposure

A

leukemias and lymphomas

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7
Q

heart disease

A 
CO
lead
solvents
cobalt
cadmium
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8
Q

nasal cancer

A

isopropyl alcohol, wood dust

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9
Q

lung cancer

A

radon, asbestos, silica, bix, nickel, arsenic, chromium, mustard has, uranium

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10
Q

chronic obstructive lung disease

A

grain dust
coal dust
cadmium

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11
Q

hypersensitivity

A

beryllium

isocyanates

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12
Q

irritation

A

ammonia
sulfur dioxide
formaldehyde

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13
Q

fibrosis

A

silica
asbestos
cobalt

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14
Q

peripheral neuropathies

A

solvents, acrylamide, methyl chloride, mercury, lead, arsenic, DDT

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15
Q

ataxic gait

A

chlordane, toluene, acrylamide, mercury

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16
Q

CNS depression

A

alcohol
ketone
aldehyde
solvent

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17
Q

cataracts

A

UV radiation

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18
Q

toxicity to urinary system

A

mercury, lead, glycol ethers, solvents

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19
Q

bladder cancer

A

napthylamines, 4-aminobiphenyl
benzidine
rubber products

20
Q

male infertility

A

lead
phthalate plasticizers
cadmium

21
Q

female infertility

A

lead

mercury

22
Q

teratogenesis or repro

A

mercury

polychlorinated biphenyls

23
Q

leukemia

A

benzene

24
Q

liver angiosarcoma

A

vinyl chloride

25
Q

most common exogenous cause of human cancers

A

tobacco

26
Q

cigarettes

A

associated with atherosclerosis

27
Q

cessation of smoking

A

reduces within 5 years risk of death and cardiovascualr diseases

mortality decreases by 21% within 5 years, but excess risk lats 30 years

28
Q

most preventable cause of human death

A

smoking

29
Q

diseases caused by cigarette smoking

A

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
COPD
lung cancer

30
Q

associated with cigarette smoking

A

atherosclerosis
myocardial infarcts
cancer of lip, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, cervix

31
Q

carcinogens in tobacco smoke

A

tar
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
benzopyrene
nitrosamine

32
Q

alcohol level with drowsiness

A

200mg/dL

33
Q

alcohol level and stupor

A

300 mg/dL

34
Q

alcohol and coma and resp. arrest

A

higher than 300 mg/dL

35
Q

metabolism of alcohol

A

most to acetaldehyde in liver

enzymes - ADH, MEOS, catalase

36
Q

ADH

A

main enzyme system for alcohol

MEOS system - at higher levels of alcohol

37
Q

ALDH

A

converts acetaldehyde to acetate

used in mito resp chain

38
Q

alcohol and CYP

A

upregulates CYP2E1
-in smooth ER

increased susceptibility to other compounds

39
Q

ALDH2*1

A

normal ALDH

40
Q

ALDH2*2

A

dominant negative activity
-in asians

homozygous for 2*2 - cannot tolerate alcohol

41
Q

alcohol metabolism and fatty liver

A

ADH reduces NAD to NADH

NAD required for fatty acid oxication in liver
-deficiency leads to fatty liver

also leads to lactic acidosis

42
Q

acute alcoholism

A

main effects on CNS
acute gastritis and ulceration
depressant of CNS

43
Q

chronic alcohol and liver

A

fatty liver - steatosis

44
Q

chronic alcohol and GI/esophagus

A

hemorrhagic gastritis

esophageal varices

45
Q

thiamine deficiency

A

vitamin B1

peripheral neuropathy
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

in chronic alcoholics

46
Q

heart and chronic alcohol

A

dilated cardiomyopathies

-moderate alcohol - increase HDL - inhibit platelet aggregation, protect against coronary heart disease

47
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

pregnant women and alcohol

microcephaly
growth retardation
facial abnormalities
reduced mental functions

during first trimester most dangerous

PBD II Exam 1 (14 decks)

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