Environmental and Nutritional Diseases II

Question 1

hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 1

carbon tetrachloride

-from dry cleaning

Question 2

angiosarcomas of liver

Answer 2

vinyl chloride

-plastic manufacturing

Question 3

phthalates

Answer 3

affect young children

Question 4

polycyclic hydrocarbons

Answer 4

among most potent carcinogens

Question 5

DDT

Answer 5

organochloride

• endocrine disruptors
• helpful in killing mosquitos with malaria

Question 6

benzene exposure

Answer 6

leukemias and lymphomas

Question 7

heart disease

Answer 7

CO
lead
solvents
cobalt
cadmium

Question 8

nasal cancer

Answer 8

isopropyl alcohol, wood dust

Question 9

lung cancer

Answer 9

radon, asbestos, silica, bix, nickel, arsenic, chromium, mustard has, uranium

Question 10

chronic obstructive lung disease

Answer 10

grain dust
coal dust
cadmium

Question 11

hypersensitivity

Answer 11

beryllium

isocyanates

Question 12

irritation

Answer 12

ammonia
sulfur dioxide
formaldehyde

Question 13

fibrosis

Answer 13

silica
asbestos
cobalt

Question 14

peripheral neuropathies

Answer 14

solvents, acrylamide, methyl chloride, mercury, lead, arsenic, DDT

Question 15

ataxic gait

Answer 15

chlordane, toluene, acrylamide, mercury

Question 16

CNS depression

Answer 16

alcohol
ketone
aldehyde
solvent

Question 17

cataracts

Answer 17

UV radiation

Question 18

toxicity to urinary system

Answer 18

mercury, lead, glycol ethers, solvents

Question 19

bladder cancer

Answer 19

napthylamines, 4-aminobiphenyl
benzidine
rubber products

Question 20

male infertility

Answer 20

lead
phthalate plasticizers
cadmium

Question 21

female infertility

Answer 21

lead

mercury

Question 22

teratogenesis or repro

Answer 22

mercury

polychlorinated biphenyls

Question 23

leukemia

Answer 23

benzene

Question 24

liver angiosarcoma

Answer 24

vinyl chloride

Question 25

most common exogenous cause of human cancers

Answer 25

tobacco

Question 26

cigarettes

Answer 26

associated with atherosclerosis

Question 27

cessation of smoking

Answer 27

reduces within 5 years risk of death and cardiovascualr diseases mortality decreases by 21% within 5 years, but excess risk lats 30 years

Question 28

most preventable cause of human death

Answer 28

smoking

Question 29

diseases caused by cigarette smoking

Answer 29

emphysema chronic bronchitis COPD lung cancer

Question 30

associated with cigarette smoking

Answer 30

atherosclerosis myocardial infarcts cancer of lip, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, cervix

Question 31

carcinogens in tobacco smoke

Answer 31

tar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzopyrene nitrosamine

Question 32

alcohol level with drowsiness

Answer 32

200mg/dL

Question 33

alcohol level and stupor

Answer 33

300 mg/dL

Question 34

alcohol and coma and resp. arrest

Answer 34

higher than 300 mg/dL

Question 35

metabolism of alcohol

Answer 35

most to acetaldehyde in liver enzymes - ADH, MEOS, catalase

Question 36

ADH

Answer 36

main enzyme system for alcohol MEOS system - at higher levels of alcohol

Question 37

ALDH

Answer 37

converts acetaldehyde to acetate used in mito resp chain

Question 38

alcohol and CYP

Answer 38

upregulates CYP2E1 -in smooth ER increased susceptibility to other compounds

Question 39

ALDH2*1

Answer 39

normal ALDH

Question 40

ALDH2*2

Answer 40

dominant negative activity -in asians homozygous for 2*2 - cannot tolerate alcohol

Question 41

alcohol metabolism and fatty liver

Answer 41

ADH reduces NAD to NADH NAD required for fatty acid oxication in liver -deficiency leads to fatty liver also leads to lactic acidosis

Question 42

acute alcoholism

Answer 42

main effects on CNS acute gastritis and ulceration depressant of CNS

Question 43

chronic alcohol and liver

Answer 43

fatty liver - steatosis

Question 44

chronic alcohol and GI/esophagus

Answer 44

hemorrhagic gastritis | esophageal varices

Question 45

thiamine deficiency

Answer 45

vitamin B1 peripheral neuropathy wernicke-korsakoff syndrome in chronic alcoholics

Question 46

heart and chronic alcohol

Answer 46

dilated cardiomyopathies -moderate alcohol - increase HDL - inhibit platelet aggregation, protect against coronary heart disease

Question 47

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 47

pregnant women and alcohol microcephaly growth retardation facial abnormalities reduced mental functions during first trimester most dangerous