environment waste water Flashcards
If D is the diameter of upper circular portion, the overall depth of a standard egg shaped section, is
[A]. D [B]. 1.25 D [C]. 1.5 D @ [D]. 1.75 D [E]. 2 D.
Because top Dia-D and Bottom Dia D/2.
Hence total depth D+D/2 = 1.5 D.
Assertion (A) : Discharging the effluents from the oxidation ponds just up stream of lakes or reservoirs is undesirable.
Reason (R) : The discharged algae get settled in the reservoirs and cause anaerobic decomposition and other water qualities.
[A]. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A @
If the over land flow from the critical point to the drain is 8 km and the difference in level is 12.4 m, the inlet time is
[A]. 2 hours
[B]. 3 hours
[C]. 4 hours @
[D]. 5 hours.
Ti = [0.885 L^3/H]^0.385. Where Ti = inlet time in hrs. L = overland flow in KM. L = 8KM. H = 12.4m.
Therefore,
Ti = 3.999 say 4hrs.
A rainfall may be classified as acidic if its pH value is less or equal to
[A]. 6
[B]. 7
[C]. 5 @
[D]. 6.5
A rainfall may be classified as acidic if its pH value is less or equal to
[A]. 6
[B]. 7
[C]. 5 @
[D]. 6.5
The coagulant widely used for sewage treatment, is
[A]. alum
[B]. ferric chloride @
[C]. ferric sulphate
[D]. chlorinated copperas.
The coagulant widely used for sewage treatment, is
[A]. alum
[B]. ferric chloride @
[C]. ferric sulphate
[D]. chlorinated copperas.
A sewer pipe contains 1 mm sand particles of specific gravity 2.65 and 5 mm organic particles of specific gravity 1.2, the minimum velocity required for removing the sewerage, is
[A]. 0.30 m/sec [B]. 0.35 m/sec [C]. 0.40 m/sec [D]. 0.45 m/sec @ [E]. 0.50 m/sec.
A sewer pipe contains 1 mm sand particles of specific gravity 2.65 and 5 mm organic particles of specific gravity 1.2, the minimum velocity required for removing the sewerage, is
[A]. 0.30 m/sec [B]. 0.35 m/sec [C]. 0.40 m/sec [D]. 0.45 m/sec @ [E]. 0.50 m/sec.
The ratio of maximum sewage flow to average sewage flow for mains up to 1 m in diameter, is
[A]. 1.5
[B]. 2.0 @
[C]. 3.0
[D]. 4.0
For trunk sewers> 1.25 m diameter = 1.5
Main sewer upto diameter 1m = 2.
Branch sewer upto diameter .5m = 3.
Lateral sewer upto diameter .25m = 4.
For house drainage minimum gradient is
[A]. 1 in 60 @
[B]. 1 in 80
[C]. 1 in 10
[D]. 1 in 400
All above ground and below ground horizontal drainage pipes should be laid to an adequate gradient. Gradients from 1 in 40 to 1 in 110 will normally give adequate flow velocities. A gradient of 1 in 80 is suitable for commencing calculations for pipe schemes.
If the side of a square sewer is 1000 mm, the diameter of a hydraulically equivalent circular section, is
[A]. 1045 mm
[B]. 1065 mm
[C]. 1075 mm
[D]. 1095 mm. @
Relation between square and circular sewer :- π * D^(8/3) = 4 * b^(8/3) D^(8/3) = 4 * b^(8/3) D^(8/3) = 4 * 1000^(8/3)/ 3.14 D^(8/3) = 127323954.47 Or D = 127323954.47^(3/8) So D = 1094.82 say 1095.
In R.C. sewer pipes, the percentage longitudinal reinforcement to the cross-sectional area of concrete is kept
[A]. 10.0
[B]. 5.0
[C]. 2.0
[D]. 0.25 @
In R.C. sewer pipes, the percentage longitudinal reinforcement to the cross-sectional area of concrete is kept
[A]. 10.0
[B]. 5.0
[C]. 2.0
[D]. 0.25 @
A rain sanitary sewer is constructed to carry
[A]. sanitary sewage @ [B]. storm sewage [C]. surface water [D]. ground water [E]. all the above
A rain sanitary sewer is constructed to carry
[A]. sanitary sewage @ [B]. storm sewage [C]. surface water [D]. ground water [E]. all the above
The clarigesters are
[A]. circular septic tanks
[B]. rectangular septic tanks
[C]. circular Imhoff double tanks with bottom hoppers
[D]. circular Imhoff double storey tanks without bottom hoppers. @
The clarigesters are
[A]. circular septic tanks
[B]. rectangular septic tanks
[C]. circular Imhoff double tanks with bottom hoppers
[D]. circular Imhoff double storey tanks without bottom hoppers. @
Maximum permissible velocity 1.5 m/sec, is adopted in drains
[A]. with beds of rocks and gravels
[B]. lined with stones
[C]. both (a) and (b) @
[D]. neither (a) nor (b).
Maximum permissible velocity 1.5 m/sec, is adopted in drains
[A]. with beds of rocks and gravels
[B]. lined with stones
[C]. both (a) and (b) @
[D]. neither (a) nor (b).
he digested sludge from septic tanks, is removed after a maximum period of
[A]. 3 years @
[B]. 3.5 years
[C]. 4 years
[D]. 5 years.
It is 6 months to 3 years (generally 1 year).
Sewer ventilating columns are generally placed at
[A]. distances 150 m to 300 m
[B]. upper ends of branch sewers
[C]. every change in the size of sewers
[D]. all the above. @
Sewer ventilating columns are generally placed at
[A]. distances 150 m to 300 m
[B]. upper ends of branch sewers
[C]. every change in the size of sewers
[D]. all the above. @
A manhole is classified as shallow if its depth is between
[A]. 0.4 to 0.5 m [B]. 0.5 to 0.7 m [C]. 0.7 to 0.9 m @ [D]. 0.9 to 1.20 m [E]. 1.2 to 1.50 m.
1) Shallow manholes: These are 0.7 to 0.9 m depth, constructed at the start of the branch sewer or at a place not subjected to heavy traffic conditions. These are provided with light cover at top and called inspection chamber
2) Normal manholes:: These manholes are 1.5 m deep with dimensions 1.0 m x 1.0 m square or rectangular with 1.2 m x 0.9 m .These are provided with heavy cover at its top to support the anticipated traffic load.
3) Deep Manholes: The depth of these manholes is more than 1.5 m. The section of such manhole is not uniform throughout. The size in the upper portion is reduced by providing an offset. Steps are provided in such manholes for descending into the manhole. These are provided with heavy cover at its top to support the traffic load.
For design purposes, the normal rate of infiltration of ground water into the sewer, is
[A]. 500 litres/km/cm [B]. 1000 litres/km/cm [C]. 1500 litres/km/cm [D]. 2000 litres/km/cm @ [E]. 2500 litres/km/cm.
For design purposes, the normal rate of infiltration of ground water into the sewer, is
[A]. 500 litres/km/cm [B]. 1000 litres/km/cm [C]. 1500 litres/km/cm [D]. 2000 litres/km/cm @ [E]. 2500 litres/km/cm.
Fresh sewage may become stale in
[A]. one hour [B]. two to three hours [C]. three to four hours @ [D]. six hours. [E]. ten hours.
Fresh sewage may become stale in
[A]. one hour [B]. two to three hours [C]. three to four hours @ [D]. six hours. [E]. ten hours.
The small sewers are cleaned by
[A]. flushing @
[B]. cane rodding
[C]. wooden pills
[D]. none of these.
The small sewers are cleaned by
[A]. flushing @
[B]. cane rodding
[C]. wooden pills
[D]. none of these.
Which one of the following tests is used for testing sewer pipes :
[A]. water test
[B]. ball test
[C]. mirror test
[D]. all of these. @
Water to check leakage.
Ball to check obstruction.
Mirror to check the straightness of sewer.
It is customary to design a sewer for D.W.F. on the basis of
[A]. average demand
[B]. twice the average demand
[C]. thrice the average demand @
[D]. four times the average demand.
Actually for separate system = 6x DWF.
For combined system= rain + 2x DWF.
In septic tanks,
[A]. free board of 0.3 m may be provided
[B]. the baffles or tees are extended up to top level of scum
[C]. the clear space between the baffle top and covering slab is about 7.5 cm
[D]. the inlet is kept 30 cm below the sewage line and outlet is kept at a level 40% depth of the sewage
[E]. all the above. @
In septic tanks,
[A]. free board of 0.3 m may be provided
[B]. the baffles or tees are extended up to top level of scum
[C]. the clear space between the baffle top and covering slab is about 7.5 cm
[D]. the inlet is kept 30 cm below the sewage line and outlet is kept at a level 40% depth of the sewage
[E]. all the above. @
The algae dies out in the zone of
[A]. degradation @
[B]. active decomposition
[C]. recovery
[D]. cleaner water.
Algae die out in degradation zone but fish survive. Fish dies out in active decomposition zone.
The recommended detention period for grit chambers is
[A]. 1 minute @
[B]. 2 minutes
[C]. 3 minutes
[D]. 5 minutes
The detention time of 30 to 60 seconds is recommended for the grit chamber. With variation in sewage flow received at treatment plant.
Inter-distance between ventilation columns in a sewer line is kept
[A]. 25 to 50 m
[B]. 50 m to 100 m
[C]. 100 m to 150 m
[D]. 150 m to 300 m. @
Inter-distance between ventilation columns in a sewer line is kept
[A]. 25 to 50 m
[B]. 50 m to 100 m
[C]. 100 m to 150 m
[D]. 150 m to 300 m. @
If the peak discharge of a storm water drain (S.W. Drain) is e.xpected to exceed 150 cumecs, the free board to be provided, is
[A]. 100 cm @
[B]. 90 cm
[C]. 80 cm
[D]. 50 cm.
Free board = ( 2/3 of peak discharge).
= ( 2/3 x 150 ).
= 100.
The spacing of bars of perforations of fine screens used for the treatment of sewage, is
[A]. 2 to 3 mm @
[B]. 3 to 5 mm
[C]. 5 to 8 mm
[D]. 8 to 10 mm.
The spacing of bars of perforations of fine screens used for the treatment of sewage, is
[A]. 2 to 3 mm @
[B]. 3 to 5 mm
[C]. 5 to 8 mm
[D]. 8 to 10 mm.