building construction Flashcards
In case of Raymond pile
[A]. lengths vary from 6 m to 12 m
[B]. diameter of top of piles varies from 40 cm to 60 cm
[C]. diameter of pile at bottom varies from 20 cm to 28 cm
[D]. thickness of outer shell depends upon pile diameter
[E]. all the above. @
The Raymond pile, invented in 1897, is one of the oldest pile types, but still used in several countries, especially North America.
The Raymond pile is also known as the “Step-taper pile”, due to the special steel shell and the typical mandrel. Step-tapered piles are formed from 1. 2, 2. 4, and 4. 9 m straight-sided, thin-walled segments of spirally corrugated steel. Each successive pile.
Element decreases over a length of 2. 44 m by 25 mm in diameter. The minimum diameter (at the pile toe) is 0, 212 m. Step-tapered piles can be driven to a maximum depth of about 40 m. The 40 m long pile has a tip diameter of 0, 212 m and a shaft diameter (at the ground surface) of 0, 438 m.
The pile is installed using a unique driving process. A specially shaped mandrel is inserted into a thin-walled pile tube and the driving force is transmitted along the casing and to the bottom of the pile. In this way, the wall thickness of the pile tube can be kept to a minimum.
The exterior angle between outer faces of a wall, is known as
[A]. turn
[B]. junction
[C]. quion @
[D]. all the above.
Stone quoins are used on stone or brick buildings. Brick quoins may appear on brick buildings that extrude from the facing brickwork in such a way as to give the appearance of uniformly cut blocks of stone larger than the bricks.
Where quoins are used for decoration and not for load-bearing, they may be made from a wider variety of materials beyond brick, stone or concrete, extending to timber, cement render or other stucco.
In jack arch floor, the rise is kept
[A]. 1/6th of the span [B]. 1/8th of the span [C]. 1/10th of the span [D]. 1/12th of the span @ [E]. 1/15th of the span.
In jack arch floor, the rise is kept
[A]. 1/6th of the span [B]. 1/8th of the span [C]. 1/10th of the span [D]. 1/12th of the span @ [E]. 1/15th of the span.
[A]. a base course is prepared as in cement concrete flooring
[B]. a 32 mm thick layer of cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on the base course and the surface is made smooth by trowelling @
[C]. glass strips are driven into the layer according to the pattern required
[D]. after final grinding is over, oxalic acid mixed with water is spread over and rubbed hard with soft material
[E]. none of these.
Terrazo flooring: The flooring made with a special aggregate of marble chips mixed with white and coloured cement concrete, is called terrazo flooring. It is decorative and has good wearing properties. It is widely used in residential buildings hospitals, offices, schools and other public buildings.
The pile which is provided with a bulb filled with concrete at its lower end, is known as
[A]. Simplex pile [B]. Mac-Arthur pile @ [C]. Raymond pile [D]. Franki pile [E]. none of these.
Mac-Arthur pile is also called as Under reamed pile.. There may be single reamed pile or double reamed pile foundation. This type of pile foundation is best suitable in the Area having problems of black cotton soil.
Franki pile not Under Ream Pile because bulb provided in between length, not at the bottom.
The maximum permissible deflection of a timber beam supporting a roof, is
[A]. L/100 [B]. L/150 [C]. L/260 [D]. L/360 @ [E]. none of these.
IS 4983 clause 5.2/
And for flexural members it is L/360 where L=Span.
The deflection in case of nailed laminated beams, joists, purlins, battens and other flexural members supporting brittle materials like gypsum, ceiling slates, tiles and asbestos sheets shall Dot exceed 1/480 of the span.
The deflection in case of other flexural members shall not exceed 1/360 of the span in case of beams and joists and 1/225 of the freely length in case of cantilevers.
During percussion drilling
[A]. ground water observations are hindered due to entry of the slurry in the soil below the bottom of the hole
[B]. caving or mixing of strata are caused in soft soils or cohesionless soils
[C]. the soil to a considerable depth below the bottom of the hole gets disturbed
[D]. all the above. @
During percussion drilling
[A]. ground water observations are hindered due to entry of the slurry in the soil below the bottom of the hole
[B]. caving or mixing of strata are caused in soft soils or cohesionless soils
[C]. the soil to a considerable depth below the bottom of the hole gets disturbed
[D]. all the above. @
A projecting piece usually provided to support a truss, is
[A]. cornice
[B]. coping
[C]. frieze @
[D]. lintal.
Cornice : the ornamental course near the top of a wall or at the junction of wall and ceiling is called cornice.
Corbel: a projecting stone provided to serve as support for joist, truss etc is called corbel.
The line of intersection of the surfaces of a sloping roof forming an external angle exceeding 180°, is
[A]. ridge
[B]. hip @
[C]. valley
[D]. none of these.
Less than 180c = valley.
Exceeding 180° = hip.
A solid core of rock is formed in side the cylinder in the case of
[A]. auger boring
[B]. percussion drilling
[C]. diamond drilling @
[D]. wash boring.
Diamond Drilling is a form of core drilling which uses a rotary drill with a diamond drill bit attached in order to create precisely measured holes. A diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material in the world, it is ideal for creating openings in a range of materials including concrete, metal and glass.
A diamond drill is a precision instrument, creating clean, accurate holes with diameters of between 8mm to more than 1500mm. As it is a non-percussive technique, structural integrity is maintained around when drilling. Every diamond drill runs water through the driving shaft to ensure that the workspace remains free of dust. They can be operated in either a vertical or horizontal direction depending on the requirements.
The single stage well point system of dewatering an excavation can be used if the depth of excavation does not exceed
[A]. 5 m @ [B]. 10 m [C]. 15 m [D]. 20 m [E]. 25 m.
Actually, 4.5 for single stage and 15 m for multistage. After 15m well point system cannot be used
The piece of a brick cut with its one corner equivalent to half the length and half the width of a full brick, is known as
[A]. queen closer
[B]. bevelled closer
[C]. king closer @
[D]. half king closer.
The piece of a brick cut with its one corner equivalent to half the length and half the width of a full brick, is known as
[A]. queen closer
[B]. bevelled closer
[C]. king closer @
[D]. half king closer.
A wooden block hinged on post outside a door, is known
[A]. cleat @
[B]. stop
[C]. horn
[D]. none of these.
A wooden block hinged on post outside a door, is known
[A]. cleat @
[B]. stop
[C]. horn
[D]. none of these.
The Auger borings are not common
[A]. in soils that require lateral support @
[B]. in cohesive soils
[C]. in soft soils
[D]. none of the above.
Augers are used in cohesive and other soft soils above the water table. They may either be operated manually or mechanically.
Hand Augers are used up to a depth of 6m.
Mechanically, operated augers are used for greater depth and they can also be used in grave soil.
Arches in the form of masonry arcs struck from more than four centres, are called
[A]. two curved arches
[B]. gothic arches
[C]. ogee arches @
[D]. drop gothic arches.
An ogee is a decorative line formed by two connected curves. The upper curve is concave, or bowed inward like the inside of a bowl. The lower curve is convex, or curved outward like part of a sphere. When the two curves are linked together they form an S-shaped curve.
An ogee arch, then, uses two ogees to form an arch. They meet at the top of the arch in a point.
The loose pockets in soil mass can be bridged safely by providing a raft foundation provided the soft area is smaller than
[A]. the column spacing [B]. one-third the column spacing @ [C]. half the column spacing [D]. three-fourth the column spacing [E]. none of these.
Loose pocket of soil is bridged safely by raft foundation when it is less than 1/3 of column spacing. If loose pocket mass is larger than 1/3 of column spacing, it will affect the foundation.
The member which is placed horizontally to support common rafter of a sloping roof, is
[A]. purlin @
[B]. cleat
[C]. batten
[D]. strut.
The member which is placed horizontally to support common rafter of a sloping roof, is
[A]. purlin @
[B]. cleat
[C]. batten
[D]. strut.
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
[A]. Louvered door is generally provided in bath rooms
[B]. Flush door is generally provided in dinning room
[C]. Revolving door is generally provided in cinema halls @
[D]. Sliding door is generally provided in show rooms
[E]. All the above.
- The louvred door can be controlled from outside. So anyone can be opened the shutter panels & can see inside the bathroom. Awww. So, its illogical to provide Louvered door in bathrooms.
- The flush door can be used in dining room, because of its normal plain door. Even in our home flush door is provided in dining.
- The revolving door is generally provided in shopping malls, parks, metro stations but I have never seen any revolving door provided in the cinema hall. Because many cinema halls have the same entry and exit doors. So, it will be problematic to use a revolving door in that cases. I don’t know which logic make this the right answer.
- Sliding doors are used now many showrooms which is made of glass even auto sliding doors also provided in many showrooms.
- It’s illogical.
So, Option 2 can be the right answer.
Grillage foundation
[A]. is used to transfer heavy structural loads from steel columns to a soil having low bearing capacity
[B]. is light and economical
[C]. does not require deep cutting as the required base area with required pressure intensity is obtained at a shallow depth
[D]. is constructed by rolled steel joists (R.S.J.) placed in single or double tier
[E]. all the above. @
Grillage foundations consist of a number of layers of beams usually laid at right angles to each other and used to disperse heavy point loads from the superstructure to an acceptable ground bearing pressure.
Mostly there are two types of grillage foundation based on type of material used:
A) Steel grillage foundation.
B) Timber grillage foundation.
Dado is usually provided in
[A]. dinning halls [B]. bath rooms @ [C]. living rooms [D]. verandah [E]. roofs.
Dado means tiles which is provided in surface and lower area of wall prevention wet and disturbance than wall life long time.
Dado are provide in the bathrooms to prevent the wall from the water showering like we apply the water on the wall for every day then its effect is show at the opposite side of the wall.
The foundations are placed below ground level, to increase
[A]. strength
[B]. workability
[C]. stability of structure @
[D]. all the above.
The solidity and firmness of structure depend upon the stability of the substructure (Foundation), so the type of foundation you used depends on the weight of a building and the nature of the soil distributing the live or dead load. Actually what carries the weight of a building is not the foundation, but the substratum. The foundation distributes and stabilize the weight of a building to the Soil substratum which carries the weight of the building.
Stud(s) of a common wooden partition
[A]. are vertical wooden members @
[B]. is the upper horizontal wooden member
[C]. is the lower horizontal wooden member
[D]. are the intermediate horizontal wooden members.
Vertical wooden members - Studs.
Upper horizontal wooden member - Top plate.
Lower horizontal wooden member - Base plate.
Intermediate horizontal wooden members - Noggins.
The under surface of an arch, is called
[A]. soffit @
[B]. intrados
[C]. haunch
[D]. back.
The under surface of an arch is called soffit. And the curve which it makes is the intrados. So the given answer is right.
The raft slab is projected beyond the outer walls of the structure by
[A]. 5 to 10 cm [B]. 15 to 20 cm [C]. 25 to 30 cm [D]. 30 to 45 cm @ [E]. 60 cm.
The projection of Raft beyond the Outer face of the Structure depends on different design aspects -
- Buoyancy.
- The additional wall around the structure for better waterproofing.
- Reinforcement Anchorage of main structure in the Raft.
- Providing Haunch at the junction of Structure and Raft which will enhance joint durability.
The process of making the back ground rough, before plastering, is
[A]. dubbing
[B]. hacking @
[C]. blistering
[D]. peeling.
Blistering occurs when a fresh concrete surface is sealed airtight at a time when air voids are migrating to the surface. The air collects under the airtight surface and creates blisters. Several conditions may contribute to their formation. One is wind blowing over the concrete surface, reducing its moisture content. Another is a subgrade that is cooler than the concrete so that the top surface sets faster than the bottom.
A sticky mixture containing excessive fines also contributes to sealing of the surface and blistering. Lean mixes can add to the problem because they may have to be worked excessively to produce the desired finish and the extra work may seal the surface. Finishing too early and the misuse of tools also can lead to blistering.
Examples of such misuse are making an excessive number of passes with a vibrating screed, excessive use of the jitterbug, excessive use of the bull float or using a power float with the blade not flat.
It should be noted that any kind of plaster needs to be able to stay put on host surface. If not, it will just fall off. It is therefore a common practice to either roughen a surface for better cohesive power of the plaster, or layer a cohesive film. Where roughening the surface is required, methods like sandblasting or hacking are used.
Hacking is usually done with a hammer and chisel. Periodic and shallow indentations are made on the surface, this results in a rougher surface and will provide better cohesive potential for the plaster to stick to.
Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
[A]. In dog-legged stairs, no space between its flights is provided
[B]. In open newel stair, a rectangular well is provided
[C]. In geometric stair, a curved shaped well between forward and backward flights, is provided
[D]. In geometrical stair, two quarter space landing is provided. @
in geometrical stair, continuous curved rail stairs are there
Exposed portions of vertical surface at right angles to the door or window frame, are known as
[A]. jambs
[B]. lintels
[C]. reveals @
[D]. soffits.
Exposed portions of vertical surface at right angles to the door or window frame, are known as
[A]. jambs
[B]. lintels
[C]. reveals @
[D]. soffits.
For brick construction, the lime-sand mortar, is
[A]. 1:1 [B]. 1:2 @ [C]. 1:3 [D]. 1:4 [E]. 1:5.
For brick construction, the lime-sand mortar, is
[A]. 1:1 [B]. 1:2 @ [C]. 1:3 [D]. 1:4 [E]. 1:5.
An arch constructed with finely dressed stones, is known
[A]. ashlar arch @
[B]. rubble arch
[C]. gauged arch
[D]. axed arch.
An arch constructed with finely dressed stones, is known
[A]. ashlar arch @
[B]. rubble arch
[C]. gauged arch
[D]. axed arch.
Dampness causes
[A]. efflorescence [B]. bleaching of paints [C]. crumbling of plaster [D]. growth of termites @ [E]. none of these.
ALL OPTION IS CORRECT.
- Dampness causes efflorescence of bricks, tiles of stones.
- It makes the plaster weak.
- It may cause bleaching and flaking of paint due to the formation of coloured patches.
- It causes corrosion of metals.
- It promotes the growth of termites.
The maximum permissible differential settlement, in case of foundations in clayey soil, is usually limited to
[A]. 10 mm [B]. 20 mm [C]. 30 mm [D]. 40 mm @ [E]. 50 mm.
The maximum permissible differential settlement, in case of foundations in clayey soil, is usually limited to
[A]. 10 mm [B]. 20 mm [C]. 30 mm [D]. 40 mm @ [E]. 50 mm.
The type of ashlar masonry in which stones are finely chisel dressed and thickness of joints does not exceed 3 mm, is
[A]. chamfered ashlar masonry
[B]. ashlar facing masonry
[C]. random coursed ashlar masonry
[D]. coursed ashlar masonry. @
The type of ashlar masonry in which stones are finely chisel dressed and thickness of joints does not exceed 3 mm, is
[A]. chamfered ashlar masonry
[B]. ashlar facing masonry
[C]. random coursed ashlar masonry
[D]. coursed ashlar masonry. @
The lower half portion between crown and skew back of the arch, is called
[A]. spandril
[B]. haunch @
[C]. springing
[D]. soffit.
The lower half portion between crown and skew back of the arch, is called
[A]. spandril
[B]. haunch @
[C]. springing
[D]. soffit.
The angle between skew back of a flat arch and the horizontal, is kept approximately equal to
[A]. 0° [B]. 30° [C]. 60° @ [D]. 90° [E]. 120°.
The angle between skew back of a flat arch and the horizontal, is kept approximately equal to
[A]. 0° [B]. 30° [C]. 60° @ [D]. 90° [E]. 120°.
Pick up the incorrect statement from the following :
[A]. the width of the wall is constructed thicker at the base in a stepped fashion
[B]. a long vertical load transferring concrete structure is called a concrete pile
[C]. in pile which transfers the load to the soil by the friction between the pile and the surrounding soil is called friction pile.
[D]. the pile which transfers the load to a hard rock bed at certain depth is called load bearing @
[E]. none of the these.
It is an end bearing so the answer is correct.
Depth of lean concrete bed placedat the bottom of a wall footing, is kept
[A]. 10 cm
[B]. 15 cm
[C]. equal to its projection beyond wall base @
[D]. less than its projection beyond wall base.
Depth of lean concrete bed placedat the bottom of a wall footing, is kept
[A]. 10 cm
[B]. 15 cm
[C]. equal to its projection beyond wall base @
[D]. less than its projection beyond wall base.
For a wall carrying heavy load on low bearing capacity soil,
[A]. lean concrete bed is provided [B]. thick concrete bed is provided [C]. reinforced concrete bed is provided [D]. (a) and (c) of the above @ [E]. (b) and (c) of the above.
Lean Concrete is always provided may it be low or high bearing capacity, it used for leveling your foundation and no relation to bearing capacity.
For different layers of cement concrete floor. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following :
[A]. The lowest layer consists of consolidated ground
[B]. A 10 cm thick clean sand is laid on consolidated ground
[C]. A 10 cm lime concrete (1 : 4 : 8) is laid on clean sand
[D]. A 10 cm thick cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on top layer. @
For different layers of cement concrete floor. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following :
[A]. The lowest layer consists of consolidated ground
[B]. A 10 cm thick clean sand is laid on consolidated ground
[C]. A 10 cm lime concrete (1 : 4 : 8) is laid on clean sand
[D]. A 10 cm thick cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on top layer. @
Rotary drilling
[A]. is not suitable for deposits containing very coarse gravel
[B]. hinders the ground water observations and permeability test
[C]. is not economical for holes of less than 10 cm.
[D]. all the above. @
Rotary drilling
[A]. is not suitable for deposits containing very coarse gravel
[B]. hinders the ground water observations and permeability test
[C]. is not economical for holes of less than 10 cm.
[D]. all the above. @
In places where the soil is soft and has small resistance to the flow of concrete, which one of the following types of piles, is used
[A]. vibro pile @
[B]. pressure pile
[C]. Franki pile
[D]. pedestal pile.
In places where the soil is soft and has small resistance to the flow of concrete, which one of the following types of piles, is used
[A]. vibro pile @
[B]. pressure pile
[C]. Franki pile
[D]. pedestal pile.
In grillage foundations a minimum 15 cm cover is provided on
[A]. upper flange of top tier
[B]. lower beam of lower tier @
[C]. ends of external beams
[D]. none to these.
In grillage foundations a minimum 15 cm cover is provided on
[A]. upper flange of top tier
[B]. lower beam of lower tier @
[C]. ends of external beams
[D]. none to these.
You are asked to design and supervise a truss for a factory to have spans 6 m to 9 m. The type of the truss you will use, is
[A]. mansored truss [B]. queen post truss [C]. king post truss @ [D]. collar truss [E]. none of these.
King post truss is used for span 5 - 9m and queen post truss is used for span up to 9 - 14m.
The arrangement of supporting an existing structure by providing supports underneath, is known as
[A]. shoring
[B]. underpinning @
[C]. jacking
[D]. piling
SHORING : It is the construction of a temporary structure to support temporarily an unsafe structure. The shores may be;
1) raking or inclined shores
2) flying or horizontal shores
3) dead or vertical shores.
UNDERPINNING : It is a process of placing new foundation or strengthening an existing foundation. Following methods are used for underpinning ;
1) pit underpinning
2) pier underpinning
3) pile underpinning
SCAFFOLDING : Scaffolding is the temporary structure to support the platform over which workman can sit and work. When the height above floor level becomes more than 1.5m scaffolding is needed.
The inclined surface of an abutment to receive the arch, is known as
[A]. skew back @
[B]. soffit
[C]. spandril
[D]. haunch.
Abutment is a wall on which the arch rest.
Or Abutment is a supporting wall on which foots of arch rest. And Skewback is a inclined portion of abutment on which arch directly rest, in other words we say skewback receives the arch load to the abutment.
In case of foundations on sandy soil, maximum permissible differential settlement, is usually limited to
[A]. 15 mm [B]. 25 mm @ [C]. 35 mm [D]. 45 mm [E]. 55 mm.
Total settlement,
If raft foundation on clay soil = 65-100mm.
If raft foundation on Sandy soil = 65mm.
If isolated foundation on clay soil = 65mm.
If isolated foundation on Sandy soil = 40mm.
Differential settlement,
Foundation on clay soil = 40mm.
Foundation on Sandy soil = 25mm.
For heavy embankments and dams, of height h, the depth of exploration of soil should not be less than
[A]. h/4
[B]. 1/2 h
[C]. h
[D]. 2 h. @
For heavy embankments and dams, of height h, the depth of exploration of soil should not be less than
[A]. h/4
[B]. 1/2 h
[C]. h
[D]. 2 h. @
In grillage foundations, distance between flanges of grillage beams, is kept
[A]. 40 cm
[B]. equal to flange width
[C]. twice the flange width @
[D]. maximum of (a), (b) and (c).
In the Grillage foundation, the distance between flanges is kept 1.5 to 2 times the width of the flange or 30 cm whichever is lesser.
Herringbone bond is used for
[A]. walls having thickness more than 4 bricks
[B]. architectural finish to the face work
[C]. ornamental panels in brick flooring
[D]. all the above. @
Herringbone bond is used for
[A]. walls having thickness more than 4 bricks
[B]. architectural finish to the face work
[C]. ornamental panels in brick flooring
[D]. all the above. @
A cut in frame of a door to receive the shutter, is called
[A]. louver
[B]. stop
[C]. horn
[D]. rebate. @
A cut in frame of a door to receive the shutter, is called
[A]. louver
[B]. stop
[C]. horn
[D]. rebate. @
The alignment of a cross joint along the plumb line is
[A]. bed block
[B]. perpend @
[C]. lintel
[D]. vertical line.
An imaginary vertical line which includes the vertical joint separating two adjoining bricks is called perpend.
The additional piles which are driven to increase the capacity of supporting loads on vertical piles, are known
[A]. construction piles [B]. Raking piles @ [C]. eccentric piles [D]. sinking piles [E]. none of these.
If a pile group is subjected to vertical force, then the calculation of load distribution on single pile that is member of the group is assumed to be the total load divided by the number of piles in the group.
