Environment/nutrition Flashcards
World wide cause of health loss
Developed countries
Top 3 childhood world
World- undernutrition
Developed- ischemic heart/cerebral vascular
Childhood- pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria
Describe
1) mechanism/where pollutant from……
2) symptoms
Ozone
Sulfur dioxide
Soot/particulate
Carbon monoxide
Ozone- free radicals injure respiratory tract,
-decrease lung function/inflammation
Sulfur dioxide- fossil fuel, copper smelting, paper mills.
-“Burning sensation”. Difficult breathing,Increase asthma.
Soot- very small.
-inflammation, Cardio effects
Carbon monoxide- fossil fuels/cars. 5mins to death
CNS depression, basal ganglia/lenticular nuclei
Widespread ischemia(brain Pertichae hemmorhage)
Blocks O2 binding to hemoglobin. Memory, vision, hearing/speech. Cherry red macula/skin
Indoor pollution- source, effect
Wood smoke
Bioaresol
Radon
Formaldehyde
Wood smoke- polycyclic hydrocarbon= carcinogen
Bioaresol- legionnaires disease, pet dander, mold, INFECTIONS
Radon- radioactive gas (basements), lung cancer
Formaldehyde- building materials(dry wall), carcinogen
Metals(4)
Source
Lead- paint, ingestion (water pipes).
Mercury- fish, dental amalgams.
Arsenic- herbicides, wood preservatives, soil/water. Mines.
Cadmium- batteries, soul. Japan
Lead
Symptoms(5)
Stored where?(2)
Brain damage/intellect/behavior
Peripheral neuropathy (wrist/foot drop)
Stored=Lead lines- gums and along bone growth lines
Hypochromatic microcytic anemia- Heme deficit, Prussian blue iron stain
Severe abdominal pain
Renal proximal tubule damage
Mercury
Symptoms
CNS, kidney damage
Cerebral palsy, tremor, deafness, blind, mental retard.
Fetuses severely hit.
Arsenic
Symptoms
Cancers
Source
GI, cardio, CNS
Neuropathy, paresthesia, hyperpigmented skin, hyperkeratosis
Lung, skin, bladder cancer
Soil/water, herbicides
Cadmium
Symptoms
Cancers
Source
Itai-Itai = osteoporosis/malacia
Renal damage, skeletal calcium loss,
lung cancers(Zinc smelters)
Battery/mines, soil
Chloroform/carbon tetrachloride
Source
Symptoms
Chloroform/carbon tetrachloride- dry cleaning, paint remover,= dizziness, CNS depression, Coma.
Liver/kidney damage
Other occupational chemicals
Dioxin
Asbestos
Vinyl chloride
BPA
Source
Symptom/Cancer
Dioxins/PCB- scene, cysts, hyperpigment. Liver/CNS damage. Ukraine President poisoning.
Asbestos- Boats, old insulation
mesothelioma, black lung, pleura (covered in iron/calcium)= Prussian blue stain for ferringius bodies
Vinyl chloride- PVC pipe
angiosarcoma of liver
BPA- bottles/cans- endocrine disruption
Tobacco
Stats Nicotine Symptoms Cancers Mothers
Leading cause of cancer , 90% lung
Decrease mortality 21% in 5 years of quit
Nicotine= not carcinogen but addictive (increase HR/BP)
Symptoms- chronic bronchitis(mucus), emphysema(elastase), systemic atherosclerosis, MI
Cancers- lung, bladder, esophagus, pancreas, kidney, cervical, bone marrow
Mother- spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, growth retardation
Alcohol
Stats
Connection to other drugs
Signs
Symptoms
Claims more lives that other drugs
Shared in body direct proportion to blood (breathalyzer)
Broken down by CYP450= competes with other drugs and potentials their effects/slows their breakdown
Signs- nodular liver(undulating)
Initially shrinks, then fibrosis and tries to grow to replace old tissue
Symptoms- CNS depressant, hepatic steatosis, HCC, gastric ulceration.
- B1 (thiamine) deficiency- peripheral neuropathy, maxillary body infarct (wernicke-korsakoff)
- congestive cardiomyopathy
- pancreatitis
- FAS- first trimester worst
- Oral, esophagus, liver cancer (HCC)
Therapeutic Drug Adverse Reactions/Over Dose symptoms
Anticoagulant Menopause drugs Oral contraceptive anabolic steroid Acetaminophen Aspirin - acute - chronic
Most commonly seen as skin rashes
Anticoagulant- hemorrhage
Menopause therapy- increase breast cancer risk. DVT, strike, PE.
Oral contraceptive- increase cervical cancer, venous thrombosis and PE. Hepatic adenoma
Anabolic steroid- acne, facial hair, gynecomastia, testes atrophy, MI.
Acetaminophen- liver failure (1 week later), centrolobular necrosis. early nausea, vomiting, shock.
Aspirin- acute=, nausea, coma.
Chronic= HA, dizziness, bleeding, coma, analgesic nephropathy
Drug Abuse
Opiate Meth MDMA Marijuana Glue Bath salt
Opiates- respiratory depression, arrhythmia,
Meth(speed)-violent behavior, psychotic
MDMA (ecstasy)- euphoria
Marijuana- increase HR, angina, cognitive impairment
Glue sniff- brain damage/dementia
Bath salt- agitated, psychosis, MI.
Cocaine
Symptoms
Mechanism
Tachycardia, vasoconstriction, thrombus, possibles myocardial ischemia, hyperpyrexia, seizure, Spontaneous abortion
Inhibits reputable of Dopamine, NE
