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Sport and Exercise Nutrition > Environment > Flashcards

Environment Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Type of heat gain in the body? (Kenney et al. 2012)

A

Metabolic heat

Environment - conduction, convection, radiation

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2
Q

Types of heat loss in the body? (Kenney et al. 2012)

A

Radiation
Condition
Convection
Evaporation

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3
Q

Define conduction?

A

Heat transfer through a solid surface

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4
Q

Define convection?

A

Heat transfer through an aqueous or gaseous substance

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5
Q

Define radiation?

A

Heat is given off by our bodies that we absorb

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6
Q

What affects heat loss?

A

Temperature

Humidity

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7
Q

How is thermoregulation controlled?

A

Controlled through the sympathetic nervous system

Blood temperature sensed by the hypothalamus

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8
Q

Thermoregulatory responses to the heat?

A

Vasodilation in the skin blood vessels redistributes blood flow and increases heat loss from the skin
Sweat glands become active, increasing heat loss through evaporation

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9
Q

Physiological responses to exercise in the heat?

A

Skin arterioles vasodilate to increase skin blood flow
Increased Q
Decreased SV (sweat) -> increased HR (cardiac drift)
The heart cannot provide sufficient blood flow to the heart and skin
Decreaed performance
Increased sweating -> decreased blood volume -> decreased Q

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10
Q

Considerations for a race in the heat?

A

Pacing
Safety
Location
Coping strategies

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11
Q

Effects of exercising in the heat?

A

Redistribution of blood flow
Substrate depletion
Hyperthermia
Hypohydration

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12
Q

Define hyperthermia?

A

An increase in core body temperature

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13
Q

Define hypohydration?

A

Low body water

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14
Q

Nutritional considerations for exercising in the heat?

A 
CHO
Fluid
Ice slurry
Glycerol
Energy expenditure
Energy intake
Caffeine
Protein
Creatine
BCAA
Paracetamol
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15
Q

The mechanistic effect of increase carbohydrate intake on fluid balance? (Reviewed by Febbraio 2001)

A 
Reduced blood flow to the muscle
Muscle fibre recruitment
Temperature effects on metabolism
Augmented sympathoadrenal response
Reduced muscle water -> reduced glucose transport and glycogenolysis
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16
Q

Physiological responses of acclimation?

A

Increased total body water due to secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and aldosterone
Plasma volume expansion -> increased total intravascular protein causing movement of fluid from interstitial to intravascular space
Increased sweat loss
Increased sweat sodium concentrations

17
Q

The effect of branch chain amino acids on performance in the heat? (Cheuvront et al. 2004; Hobson et al. 2013)

A

Ingestion of BCAA’s or trypophan depletion can increase the ration of BCAA:fTRp and decrease serotonin
No effect on performance in the heat

18
Q

What are the thermoregulatory responses to the cold?

A

Vasoconstriction in the skin blood vessels redistributes blood flow and decreases heat loss to the environment
Non-shivering thermogenesis
Shivering

19
Q

Define non-shivering thermogenesis?

A

Brown adipose tissue generates heat through chemical reactions

20
Q

What is shivering?

A

When skeletal muscles are activated, which increases metabolism and heat production

21
Q

How much can shivering increase heat production?

A

five times

22
Q

What are the behavioural responses to the cold?

A

Hot drink

Increase clothing

23
Q

Energy balance in the Scott Expedition? ( Halsey & Stroud 2012)

A

Energy expenditure increases in the cold
Over time, with insufficient calorie intake and higher energy expenditure, the had a negative energy balance resulting in weight loss

24
Q

The effect of the cold on water loss?

A

Cold-induced diuresis -> vasoconstriction will increase BP -> increase urine output
Blunted thirst response
Respiratory losses

25
Q

Define the effect of cold-induced diuresis?

A

Vasoconstriction -> increase BP -? decrease AVP secretion -> increase urine output -> possible hypohydration

26
Q

What are the acute physiological responses to altitude?

A 
Increase ventilation
Increase HR
Decreased SV
Increased CHO use
diuresis
27
Q

What are the chronic physiological responses to altitude?

A

Increased production of erythrocytes
Decreased muscle mass
Decreased body mass

28
Q

The effect of altitude on energy expenditure?

A

Energy expenditure increased typically resulting in weight loss
At 4300m increase 10-17% (Butterfield 1999; Mawson et al. 2000)
Appetite suppression (Wasse et al. 2012)

29
Q

What are the effects of altitude on fluid balance?

A

Altitude-induced diuresis
Reduced thirst
Increase respiratory fluid loss through increased ventilation and reduced humidity

30
Q

What is the role of hepcidin?

A

Controls iron turnover

Increased hepcidin decreases iron production

31
Q

The effect of altitude on haemoglobin mass?

A

Altitude increases haemoglobin mass by 1%

Sport and Exercise Nutrition (9 decks)

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