Environment Flashcards
Biosecurity: how can a pathogen get on farm?
Staff: new, recent exposure to pigs Pests: rodents, birds, dogs, foxes… Pigs: new, unvaccinated Food Water Fomites: vehicles (slaughter truck, transport), clothing (boots…) Failure of: Boot dip/ shower (training) Wheel dip Fences
4 aspects of the environment?
Air (positive P vent, filters, temp, draughts, gases, dust, light-seasonal breeders) Floor (type & condition-bedding, hygiene, space, hazards) Feed (access- restricted or ad lib?, quality, form, particle size (not too fine-predisposes to gastric ulcers), palatability, dust/wastage, contaminants e.g. mycotoxins, how it is stored?) Water (access, flow rate, temp)
3 circles of disease?
Host Pathogen Environment
What is the “new shed effect”?
Optimal growth, decreases after 6 mo (airborne particles)
4 environmental stressors?
Poor hygiene Poor air quality Overcrowding Extreme and fluctuating temp
Where do pigs go to the toilet?
Cold, damp, damp, private areas.
Reasons for vices (biting)?
Underlying problem> Weaned too early Competition for cranial teats Unhappy
Reasons for dirty pig?
Hot Dirty pen
What does poor feed access look like?
Size variation Vices Crowding/ fighting around feeders
At least 1 feeder per _ pigs?
10-15
Causes of out of feed event? e.g. gastric ulcers
Equipment failure Not drinking> not eating Health issue
What are the causes of gastric ulcers? (2)
Grinding too fine Out of feed event
Water flow rate (L/min) for: Weaners. Growers. Lactating.
0.5L/min – weaners 1L/min – growers 2L/min – lactating sows
Ideal ammonia concentration (ppm)?
<11 ppm (over this=susceptibility to lung infection)
Ideal amount of light (lux)?
>50 lux No luxmeter> can you read a newspaper?
