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Enterobacteriaceace; Escherichia Flashcards

1
Q

Theodor Escherich?

A
  • German paediatrician

- 1857-1911

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2
Q

Habitat

A

Gut, aerobic, facultative anaerobic in gut flora

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3
Q

Morphology

A
  • 2-3 um rods
  • Capsule
  • Flagella (hair like tubes, can attach to target cells)
  • Fimbria (hair like tubes, can attach to target cells)
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4
Q

Staining

A

Gram-negative

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5
Q

Culture

A
  • Simple, not fastidious
  • Selective and differential media
  • Fermentation of lactose -> acidic pH
  • Capsulated (calf origin) strains isolated from calves
  • Haemolytic (swine origin) strains isolated from pigs
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6
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Lactose

A

+

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7
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Mannitol

A

+

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8
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Indol production (from tryptophan)

A

+

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9
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Methyl red

A

+

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10
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Voges-Proskauer

A

-

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11
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Citrate utilization

A

-

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12
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Urease

A

-

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13
Q

Biochemical characteristics; H2S

A

-

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14
Q

Biochemical characteristics; Phenylalanine deaminase

A

-

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15
Q

Antigens

A
  • O: type specific -> 174 types
  • K: heat stabile(A) and heat labile(L) -> 80 types
  • F: virulence factors, fimbria antigens -> 19 types. F1 (common fimbria), F2 and F3 (human), F4-F6-F18 (pig), F5-F17-F41 (cattle, calves), F5 (lamb), F7-F16 (urinary tract infection; human, poultry)
  • H -> 57 types
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16
Q

Resistance

A

Medium, not spore forming

17
Q

Detection of antigens

A

Latex agglutination

18
Q

Pathogenicity; saprophyte and facultative pathogenic -> Cattle

A
  • Calf coli-diarrhea (neonatal)
  • Calf coli-septicaemia
  • Cow mastitis
19
Q

Pathogenicity; saprophyte and facultative pathogenic -> Swine

A
  • Coli-diarrhea of neonatal pigs
  • Weaned piglets: coli-diarrhea, oedema disease
  • Sow: mastitis
20
Q

Pathogenicity; saprophyte and facultative pathogenic -> Lamb, kid

A
  • Coli-diarrhea (neonatal),

- Watery mouth

21
Q

Pathogenicity; saprophyte and facultative pathogenic -> Rabbit

22
Q

Pathogenicity; saprophyte and facultative pathogenic -> Poultry

A
  • Connected with age
  • Day old: septicaemia
  • Chicken: septicaemia, resp disease
  • Older: lesions in organs (airsacculitis, peritonitis, coli-granulomatosis)
23
Q

Pathogenicity; saprophyte and facultative pathogenic -> Foal, dog, cat, mink, fox, nutria, chinchilla

A
  • Coli-diarrhea

- Septicaemia

24
Q

Pathogenicity; saprophyte and facultative pathogenic -> Human

A
  • Neonatal enteritis
  • Septicaemia
  • Urogenital infections
  • Enteritis
  • Haemorrhagic enterocolitis
25
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; enteropathogenic or attaching/effacin

A

(EPEC or AEEC) strains

  • Intimin-virulence factor helps adhesion to enterocytes -> damaged microvilli -> diarrhea
  • Destruction of microvilli, atrophy (wasting) and shedding of enterocytes
  • Maldigestion, malabsorption
  • Diarrhea in piglets, lambs and puppies
26
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; enterotoxigenic strains

A

(ETEC)
- Enterotoxin: LT 88.000D, ST 1.500-2.000 D.
LT -> induce hypersecretion of water into gut, ST -> reduces absorption (enterocytes maintain normal structure) –> Diarrhea
- Adhesive factors F4: pigs, F5: calves, lambs
- Enterotoxin: LT 88.000D, ST 1.500-2.000 D
- Diarrhea in neonatal piglets, calves, lambs

27
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; verotoxigenic

A

(VTEC)

  • Verotoxins: VT1, VT2, VT2e
  • Bind to erythrocytes
  • Damage to vasculature in intestine and other locations,
  • First found in cell line of monkey
  • Inhibits protein synthesis or the endothelial cells -> hemorrhages
  • Oedema diseases in weaned piglets
  • Post-weaning diarrhea in pigs
  • Haemorrhagic enterocolitis in calves
  • Haemorrhagic colitis - haemolytic uraemic syndrome in human
28
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; necrotoxic

A
  • Cytotoxic necrotic factors: CNF1, CNF2 strains
  • Bind to erythrocytes, damage to erythrocytes and blood vessels
  • Haemorrhagic colitis in cattle
  • Enterocolitis in piglets and calves
  • Diarrhea in rabbits
  • Dysentery in horses
29
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; enteroinvasive

A
  • Can enter into mucous membranes of large intestine
  • Necrosis
  • Diarrhea
30
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; enteroadhesive-aggregative

A

not too important

31
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; enterohaemorrhagic

32
Q

Pathogenic E. Coli strains; septicaemic strains

A

yes, they exist

33
Q

Septicaemic E. coli

A
  • Invasion of blood streams, survive in blood
  • Endotoxin effect
  • Calves, piglets, pups, chickens: colisepticaemia
  • Lambs: watery mouth
  • Arthritis, meningitis
34
Q

uropathogenic E. coli

A
  • Adhesins required for colonization
  • Endotoxins and exotoxins: local reactions
  • Bitches: cystitis
35
Q

Opportunistic E. coli strains

A
  • Cattle and sows: mastitis
  • Bitches and queens: pyometra
  • Metritis
  • Calves, lambs, chickens: omphalitis (inflammation of umbilical cord

Bacteriology (26 decks)

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