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Bacteriology > Bacillus and Aerobic spore forming bacteria > Flashcards

Bacillus and Aerobic spore forming bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Gram-staining color: fixed smear

A

Gram + : colourless

Gram - : colourless

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2
Q

Gram-staining color: Crystal violet (primary stain)

A

Gram + : blue

Gram - : blue

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3
Q

Gram-staining color: Lugol-solution (mordant)

A

Gram + : blue

Gram - : blue

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4
Q

Gram-staining color: Alcohol (decolorizer)

A

Gram + : blue

Gram - : colourless (because thin layer PG)

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5
Q

Gram-staining color: Fuchsin (counterstainer)

A

Gram + : blue

Gram - : red

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6
Q

Aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Can propagate in air, aerobic and facultative anaerobic

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7
Q

Spores?

A

yes, endospores are produced

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8
Q

Important species?

A

B. Anthracis

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9
Q

Catalase, oxidase?

A

Catalase +

Oxidase -

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10
Q

Motility?

A

Flagella, except B. Anthracis

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11
Q

Habitat

A
  • Environment (spore), soil, mineralization

- Animals (vegeative) and mainly small Ru,

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12
Q

Morphology

A
  • 4-5 um
  • Rod
  • Capsule
  • Square ended, relatively short (can be longer in culture)
  • Spore is colourless, wall has special structure
  • Chain formation
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13
Q

Staining

A
  • Gram positive

- Toluidine blue (metachromatic staining -> capsule-pink, bacteria-blue)

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14
Q

Culture (B. Anthracis)

A
  • Simple, nutrient agar, nutrient broth or blood agar with air and 37 degrees
  • Obligate aerobic
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15
Q

Culture (B. Anthracis), Colony types:

A
  • R = rough; mat, uneven edge, rough surface

- S = smooth; bright, entire edge, smooth surface capsule

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16
Q

Culture (B. Anthracis), Capsule

A
  • Poly-D-Glutamic acid polypeptide capsule
  • Virulence factor (inhibits phagocytosis, plasmid encoded, extra chromosome)
  • 5-10% CO2 is needed for the production
17
Q

Culture (B. Anthracis), Spore

A
  • Cations are needed
  • Minimum 12-15 C
  • Water
  • O2 -> cant form spores inside carcass, so dont open carcass
  • Time needed:
    37 C -> finished within 16 hours
    18 C -> starts after 50 hours, 2-3 days are needed
18
Q

Biochemistry

A
  • Active metabolism
19
Q

Antigens

A
  • Uniform antigen structure
  • Capsule (virulence factor); D-glu-polypeptide, saprophytes also produce
  • Polysaccharide hapten; detect in lab test, Ascoli test (serological test), cross reactions with B. Cereus (can cause false positive test)
  • Toxin; oedema factor (plasmid coded), lethal factor (plasmid coded), protective antigen
20
Q

Resistance

A
  • Severeal days in carcass, skin:2 weeks, bone marrow:4 weeks, 56 C:15 min - dead
  • Vegetative bacterium: medium
  • Spore: decades, for more than 50 years
  • Boiling: 5-10 min
  • Formalin 8-10%: 12-24 hours
21
Q

Pathogenicity

A
  • Obligate pathogenic
  • Virulence factors (capsule, toxin)
  • Mammals (mainly herbivores), birds are less susceptible (lacks the plasmids coding, high body temp)
    • sheep (septicaemia), cattle, goat, horse (oedema, colic, enteritis), dog (comparative resistant, carnivores), swine (oedema in pharyngeal region), human (skin, pulmonary, hemorrhagic pneumonia, intestinal)
22
Q

Pathogenicity; species

A
  • Mammals (mainly herbivores), birds are less susceptible (lacks the plasmids coding, high body temp)
  • sheep (septicaemia)
  • cattle (enlargement of spleen)
  • goat
  • horse (oedema, colic, enteritis)
  • dog (comparative resistant, carnivores)
  • swine (oedema in pharyngeal region)
  • human (skin, pulmonary, hemorrhagic pneumonia, intestinal)
23
Q

Saprophyte Bacilli species

A 
B. subtilis
B. megaterium
B. cereus
B. licheniformis
B. thuringiensis
24
Q

B. Cereus

A

Hemolysis, S-type colony, can move under microscope, foodpoisoning, diarrhea - gastrointestinal infection

25
Q

B. Licheniformis

A

Bacitracin, sometimes abortion (cattle, sheep)

26
Q

B. Thuringiensis

A

Insect pathogen, pest control

27
Q

Differentation of the most important Bacillus species; flagella

A

B. Anthracis: no
B. Subtilis: yes
B. Megaterium: yes
B. Cereus: yes

28
Q

Differentation of the most important Bacillus species; capsule (air)

A

B. Anthracis: no
B. Subtilis: yes
B. Megaterium: yes
B. Cereus: no

29
Q

Differentation of the most important Bacillus species; haemolysis

A

B. Anthracis: no
B. Subtilis: no
B. Megaterium: no
B. Cereus: yes

30
Q

Differentation of the most important Bacillus species; pathogenicity

A

B. Anthracis: yes
B. Subtilis: no
B. Megaterium: no
B. Cereus: no

31
Q

Paenibacillus:

A
  • Paenibacillus (Bacillus) polymyxa: produces polymyxins
  • Paenibacillus (Bacillus) larvae: American foul brood of honey bees. Gram+, rod shaped, sporeforming -> burn the hives (yellowish mucous in hives, notifiable disease)
32
Q

Geobacillus:

A
  • Geobacillus (Bacillus) stearothermophilus: heat resistant, test organism (food bacteriology)

Bacteriology (26 decks)

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