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MicroB > Enterobacterales > Flashcards

Enterobacterales Flashcards

1
Q

Are enterobacterales oxidase positive or negative?

A

Oxidase negative

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2
Q

How are enterobacteria identifiable?

A

Gram negative, oxidase negative bacilli/rods that grow on MacConkey agar as LF/non-LF colonies

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3
Q

What are the antigens expressed by different enterobacteria serotypes?

A

Somatic ‘O’ antigens
Flagella ‘H’ antigens

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3
Q

What are the common diseases caused by E. coli?

A
  1. UTI
  2. Neonatal meningitis & septicaemia
  3. Gut-related sepsis - billary infections
  4. Diarrhoea
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4
Q

What serotype of E. coli causes traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) causes 20-40% of traveller’s diarrhoea

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4
Q

What are the most common sources of E. coli bacteremia?

A

Urine and billary sources

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4
Q

What is the strain of E. coli responsible for bloody diarrhoea?

A

Enteroharmorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)/ Verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC)/ Shiga Toxin E. coli (STEC)

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4
Q

What is the gene that codes for the shiga toxin?

A

0157:H7

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5
Q

What serious complication is caused by the shiga toxin?

A

Haemolytic Uraemia Syndrome (HUS) which may lead to renal failure

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6
Q

Where does S. Typhi come from?

A

Humans

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7
Q

Where does non-typhoidal Salmonella spp come from?

A

Mainly poultry/eggs but also other animals

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8
Q

What are the common presentations of a non-typhoidal Salmonella infection?

A
  1. Gastroenteritis
  2. Bacteremia in immune-compromised patients
  3. UTI
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9
Q

What are the common presentations of a typhoidal Salmonella infection?

A
  1. Enteric fever
  2. Rose-spot rash
  3. May have diarrhoea or constipation
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10
Q

How is typhoid fever diagnosed?

A

Blood cultures

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11
Q

How can typhoid fever be prevented?

A

Hygiene and proper sewage disposal

Vaccination - live-attenuated & conjugated

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12
Q

What is Klebsiella pneumoniae commonly associated with?

A
  1. Community-acquired UTI
  2. Friedlander’s pneumonia
  3. Nosocomial infections
13
Q

What is the disease caused by Shigella spp?

A

Bacterial dysentery; stools contain blood and mucus

14
Q

What is Proteus spp. associated with?

A

UTI secondary to renal obstruction (stones, tumour)

15
Q

What agar are enterobacterales grown on?

A

MacConkey agar

16
Q

What organism causes typhoid fever/enteric fever?

A

S. Typhi
S. Paratyphi A/B/C

17
Q

Can non-typhoidal salmonella cause typhoid fever?

A

Yes (rare)

MicroB (10 decks)

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