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MicroB > Atypicals > Flashcards

Atypicals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 obligate intracellular atypicals?

A

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Orientia & Coxiella

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2
Q

Why are the atypicals resistant to cell wall agents and do not stain with Gram stain?

A

They have little to no peptidoglycan

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3
Q

What is the only atypical that can be grown on agar?

A

Mycoplasma spp. but grows very very slowly

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4
Q

What are the common clinical presentations of M. pneumoniae infection?

A
  1. RTI (upper & lower)
  2. Atypical pneumonia
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5
Q

What are the infection complications of M. pneumoniae penumonia?

A
  1. Erythema multiforme
  2. Joint pains
  3. Encephalitis/meningitis
  4. Haemolytic anaemia
  5. Myocarditis/pericarditis
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6
Q

How to diagnose M. pneumoniae infection?

A
  1. Serology immunoassay - acute & convalescent to compare titers
  2. PCR
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7
Q

How to treat M. pneumoniae?

A

Antibiotics - Macrolides, tetracyclines & fluoroquinolones

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8
Q

What group of people are most at risk of M. hominis infection?

A

Immunocompromised patients

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9
Q

What are the common clinical presentations of M. genitalium infection?

A
  1. Uretheritis
  2. BV
  3. PID, post-abortion/post-partum infections
  4. Neonatal infections
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10
Q

What are the 3 diseases caused by C. trachomatis?

A
  1. Trachoma
  2. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
  3. Chlamydia - STI + eye infection
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11
Q

What are the complications associated with Trachoma?

A
  1. Recurrent infection leads to scarring of eyelids
  2. Corneal clouding
  3. Blindness
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12
Q

How is C. trachomatis transmitted?

A

3 Fs - Fingers, Flies, Fomites

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13
Q

What are the common clinical presentations of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?

A

Genital ulcer disease - papule/vesicle/ulcer on genitals

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14
Q

Think of all the inflammations around the male urogenital region

What are the common clinical presentations of Chlamydia in males?

A
  1. Urethritis/epididymitis
  2. Proctitis
  3. Triad - ACU (reactive Arthritis, Conjunctivitis, Urethritis)
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15
Q

Think of all the inflammations around the urogenital region

What are the common clinical presentations of Chlamydia in females?

A
  1. Cervicitis
  2. PID/salpingitis
  3. Urethritis, proctitis
  4. Reactive arthritis
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16
Q

How to diagnose C. trachomatis?

A

Nucleic Acid Tests

17
Q

What eye infections can C. trachomatis cause?

A
  1. Adult inclusion conjunctivitis
  2. Ophthalmia neonatorum
18
Q

What is Ch. psittaci infection associated with?

A

Birds

19
Q

What are the common clinical presentations of Ch. pneumoniae infection?

A
  1. RTI - upper & lower
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Bronchitis
  4. Sinusitis
20
Q

What type of cells do Rickettsia spp. & Orientsia spp. typically infect?

A

Endothelial cells; hence causes rash

21
Q

How are Rickettsia spp. & Orientia spp. typically transmitted?

A

Zoonosis via arthopods

22
Q

What is the disease caused by Coxiella burnetii?

A

Q fever

23
Q

What are the clinical presentations of Q fever?

A
  1. Mild pneumonia
  2. PUO, flu-like illness
  3. Associated with endocarditis
24
Q

How is C. burnetii diagnosed?

A

Serology or PCR on heart valves

25
Q

How to treat Q fever?

A

Doxycycline + Rifampicin

26
Q

What is C. burnetii associated with?

A

Livestock; check for farmhouse/slaughterhouse history in suspected cases

27
Q

What are the bacteria that cause typhus?

A

R. prowazekii and R. typhi

28
Q

What is the bacteria that cause scrub typhus?

A

Orientia tsutsugamushi

29
Q

What is R. rickettsii associated with?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

30
Q

What are the clinical presentations of typhus?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Headache
  3. Maculopapular rash
31
Q

What are the 2 complications from typhus?

A
  1. SIRS
  2. Meningoencephalitis
32
Q

How are typhus and scrub typhus diagnosed?

A

Triad + serology

33
Q

How to treat typhus and scrub typhus?

A

Doxycycline + azithromycin

MicroB (10 decks)

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