Enteric pathogens

Question 1

What are the three common enteric infection

Answer 1

Gastroenteritis
Diarrhoea
Dysentery

Question 2

What are the features of gastroenteitis

Answer 2

N+V
Diarrhoea
Abdo pain

Question 3

What are the features of diarrhoea

Answer 3

Raised frequency and loose stools

Caused by water and electrolyte loss

Question 4

What chart is used to diagnose diarrhoea

Answer 4

Bristol Stool chart

5 to 7

Question 5

What is dysentery

Answer 5

Inflammatory bloody diarrhoea

Question 6

What 4 organisms cause enteritis

Answer 6

Bacteria
Virus
Protozoa
Helminths

Question 7

How can enteritis be diagnosed

Answer 7

Microscopy (eggs and larvae)
Antigens (Toxin and virus)
PCR (Virus, bacteria and Protozoa Giardae)
Stool culture (bacteria w/ macConkey and XLD)

Question 8

What are the features of MacConkey

Answer 8

Initial = pink
Result = red (Lactose fermenting)
= yellow (Non lactose fermenting)

Question 9

What are the features of XLD

Answer 9

Differentiates Salmonella and Shigella
Salmonella = red with black spots
Shigella = Red

Question 10

What two diseases can salmonella cause

Answer 10

Diarrhoea (Undercooked protein)
Typhoid fever (Waterborne) give Cipofloxain

Question 11

What structure can be damaged due to Typhoid

Answer 11

Gall bladder

Question 12

Why are antibiotics not needed to treat diarrhoea

Answer 12

It is self limiting

Question 13

What can cause dysentery

Answer 13

Shigella

Question 14

What toxin can shigella produce

Answer 14

Shiga toxin

Question 15

If a patient becomes unwell after a bbq/restaurant, what is the most likely diagnosis

Answer 15

Camplyobacter causing gastroenteritis

• Gram negative rods on Microscopy
• Growth on CCDA

Question 16

What is the main complication of camplyobacter

Answer 16

Guillian Barre syndrome

Question 17

How can campylobacter gastroenteritis be treated

Answer 17

Clarythromycin

Question 18

Watery diarrhoea in young, old and IC patients is suggestive of what cause

Answer 18

Fungal (C Parrus) by water contamination

Question 19

What re the two viral causes of enteric disease

Answer 19

Noravirus (Adults)
Rotavirus (Children)
NOTIFY PHE AND ISOLATE

Question 20

What is the best method of diagnosis of rota/noravirus

Answer 20

PCR

Question 21

How can. patient be treated with viral diarrhoea/gastroenterits

Answer 21

Supportive w/ fluid and electrolyte

Question 22

What causes C Difficile diarrhoea

Answer 22

C Antibiotics

• CoAmoxiclav
• Ciprofloxacin
• Clarithomycin
• Cephalosporin

Question 23

What two ways can C Diff be tested for

Answer 23

Antigen test/PCR

Question 24

How is C Diff treated

Answer 24

Stop C antibiotics

10 days Vancomycin