Enteral/Parental Nutrition

Question 1

Difference between enteral/parental nutrition

Answer 1

Enteral PRovides support via GI tract

Parental is intravenous feeding into the bloodstream

Question 2

When is parental nutrition given?

Answer 2

Malabsorptive disorders
Motility disorders
Bone marrow transplant
Radiation enteritis
Short bowel syndrome
Bowel obstruction

Question 3

When is enteral nutrition given

Answer 3

When a patient is unable to meet nutrient requirements through the oral route
100 cm of small intestine with absorptive capabilities
Patient not expected to have oral intake for 5-7 days
HIV/AIDS
older persons
critical care

Question 4

Complications of enteral nutrition

Answer 4

Gastrointestinal - gastric residuals, distension, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, aspiration

Mechanical - malposition, erosion, clogging

Metabolic - feeding rate

Question 5

Complications of parental nutrition

Answer 5

Technical - collapsing of lung, vascular injury, brachial plexus injury, cardiac arrhythmia (too far into ventricle)

Infectious - catheter related bacteremia
fungus

Metabolic - dextrose (for hyperglycemia), amino acids (renal or hepatic failure), lipids (hypertriglyceridemia)

Fluid ad electrolyte derangements

hepatobiliary

Question 6

Components of Parental

Answer 6

Macronutrients - dextrose, amino acids, lipids

MIcronutrients - electrolytes, vitamins, trace elements

Question 7

Standard Polymeric lactose free formula

Answer 7

casein and soy isolates, low residue
Composition- protein, carbs, fat and fiber

require functional GI tract

Question 8

Oligomeric formulas

Answer 8

Elemental or nearly elemental nutrients
Amino acids or oligopeptides
Oglisaccharides or disaccharides
Long or medium chain fats
Unpalatable