ENT Overview Flashcards
Ear disorders are divided into what categories?
the external ear, middle ear, inner ear
What is the superior aspect of the tympanic membrane called?
Pars flaccida
What is the inferior aspect of the tympanic membrane called?
Pars tensa
What are the three ossicles?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Tube that connects middle ear to
the nasopharynx
Provides ventilation and drainage for
the middle ear cleft
Drains the middle ear into the
nasopharynx
Eustachian Tube
The eustachian tube is what orientation in infancy and becomes more what aligned in late childhood?
horizontal
vertically
This structure in the inner ear contains the organ of corti?
Cochlea
This structure in the inner ear is responsible for vestibular control?
Semicircular canals
Part of the temporal bone
Contains numerous air cells
Communicates with the middle ear space
Potential for infection
Mastoid Process
What is the term for pain in the ear?
Otalgia
What is the term for discharge from the ear?
Otorrhea
What is the term for ringing of the ear?
Tinnitus
What is the most common identified cause of tinnitus?
SNHL
What is the term for abnormal sensitivity to sound?
Hyperacusis
What are the categories of hearing loss?
Conductive
Sensori-neural
mixed
Either a sensation of motion when there is none
OR
An exaggerated sense of motion in response to a given bodily movement
Vertigo
What are the two most common causes of an earache?
External otitis media and acute otitis media
What tool is used to differentiate between conductive and
sensorineural hearing loss?
Tuning fork
What type of hearing loss is described below?
Dysfunction of external or middle ear
Impairment of the passage of sound vibrations to the inner ear
Air bone gap on audiometry
Abnormal Weber/Rinne
Conductive (CHL)
What are the most common causes of conductive hearing loss (CHL)?
Cerumen impaction
Transient eustachian tube dysfunction secondary to URI
What are the four mechanisms of conductive hearing loss (CHL)?
Obstruction (Ex. Cerumen impaction)
Mass loading (Ex: middle ear effusion)
Stiffness effect (Ex: Otosclerosis)
Discontinuity (Ex: ossicular disruption)
What type of hearing loss is described below?
Deterioration of cochlea due to loss of hair cells from organ of Corti
Abnormal Weber/Rinne
Common in adults
Typically not correctable with medications or surgeries, but often may be prevented or stabilized
Sensorineural (SNHL)
What is the most common form of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?
a gradual progression, predominantly high frequency loss with advancing age (Presbyacusis)
What type of hearing loss is described below?
Lesions involving the eighth nerve, auditory nuclei, ascending tracts, or auditory cortex
Least common cause of hearing loss
Sound not transmitted to auditory nerve and brain properly, although the cochlea is working well
Neural Hearing Loss
Which hearing test is described below?
Tuning fork placed on forehead
In CHL, sound appears louder in the poorer-hearing ear
In SHL it radiates to the better side
Weber Testing
Which hearing test is described below?
Tuning fork placed on mastoid bone
In CHL of > 25dB bone conduction exceeds air conduction: BC>AC
Opposite for sensorineural hearing loss: AC > BC
Rinne Testing
Which surgical zone is described below?
clavicles to cricoid cartilage
Treated like a thoracic injury
Zone 1
Which surgical zone is described below?
cricoid to angle of mandible
Zone 2
Which surgical zone is described below?
angle of mandible to base of the skull
Zone 3
Up to what percentage of neck masses seen in children are benign?
90%
