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ENT > ENT Overview > Flashcards

ENT Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Ear disorders are divided into what categories?

A

the external ear, middle ear, inner ear

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2
Q

What is the superior aspect of the tympanic membrane called?

A

Pars flaccida

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3
Q

What is the inferior aspect of the tympanic membrane called?

A

Pars tensa

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4
Q

What are the three ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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5
Q

Tube that connects middle ear to
the nasopharynx

Provides ventilation and drainage for
the middle ear cleft

Drains the middle ear into the
nasopharynx

A

Eustachian Tube

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6
Q

The eustachian tube is what orientation in infancy and becomes more what aligned in late childhood?

A

horizontal
vertically

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7
Q

This structure in the inner ear contains the organ of corti?

A

Cochlea

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8
Q

This structure in the inner ear is responsible for vestibular control?

A

Semicircular canals

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9
Q

Part of the temporal bone

Contains numerous air cells

Communicates with the middle ear space

Potential for infection

A

Mastoid Process

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10
Q

What is the term for pain in the ear?

A

Otalgia

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11
Q

What is the term for discharge from the ear?

A

Otorrhea

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12
Q

What is the term for ringing of the ear?

A

Tinnitus

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13
Q

What is the most common identified cause of tinnitus?

A

SNHL

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14
Q

What is the term for abnormal sensitivity to sound?

A

Hyperacusis

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15
Q

What are the categories of hearing loss?

A

Conductive

Sensori-neural

mixed

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16
Q

Either a sensation of motion when there is none

OR

An exaggerated sense of motion in response to a given bodily movement

A

Vertigo

17
Q

What are the two most common causes of an earache?

A

External otitis media and acute otitis media

18
Q

What tool is used to differentiate between conductive and
sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Tuning fork

19
Q

What type of hearing loss is described below?

Dysfunction of external or middle ear

Impairment of the passage of sound vibrations to the inner ear

Air bone gap on audiometry

Abnormal Weber/Rinne

A

Conductive (CHL)

20
Q

What are the most common causes of conductive hearing loss (CHL)?

A

Cerumen impaction

Transient eustachian tube dysfunction secondary to URI

21
Q

What are the four mechanisms of conductive hearing loss (CHL)?

A

Obstruction (Ex. Cerumen impaction)

Mass loading (Ex: middle ear effusion)

Stiffness effect (Ex: Otosclerosis)

Discontinuity (Ex: ossicular disruption)

22
Q

What type of hearing loss is described below?

Deterioration of cochlea due to loss of hair cells from organ of Corti

Abnormal Weber/Rinne

Common in adults

Typically not correctable with medications or surgeries, but often may be prevented or stabilized

A

Sensorineural (SNHL)

23
Q

What is the most common form of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

A

a gradual progression, predominantly high frequency loss with advancing age (Presbyacusis)

24
Q

What type of hearing loss is described below?

Lesions involving the eighth nerve, auditory nuclei, ascending tracts, or auditory cortex

Least common cause of hearing loss

Sound not transmitted to auditory nerve and brain properly, although the cochlea is working well

A

Neural Hearing Loss

25
Q

Which hearing test is described below?

Tuning fork placed on forehead

In CHL, sound appears louder in the poorer-hearing ear

In SHL it radiates to the better side

A

Weber Testing

26
Q

Which hearing test is described below?

Tuning fork placed on mastoid bone

In CHL of > 25dB bone conduction exceeds air conduction: BC>AC

Opposite for sensorineural hearing loss: AC > BC

A

Rinne Testing

27
Q

Which surgical zone is described below?

clavicles to cricoid cartilage
Treated like a thoracic injury

A

Zone 1

28
Q

Which surgical zone is described below?

cricoid to angle of mandible

A

Zone 2

29
Q

Which surgical zone is described below?

angle of mandible to base of the skull

A

Zone 3

30
Q

Up to what percentage of neck masses seen in children are benign?

A

90%

ENT (13 decks)

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